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| A change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds tightly to a substrate |
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| A double sugar consisiting of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic linkage |
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| A factor that varies in a population or over time |
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| A nucleotide composed of adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate gropus that can be hydrolyzed to release energy. Form of energy that cells can use |
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| A series of proteins in the mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes that move electrons during the redox reactiosn that release energy to produce ATP |
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| A series of reactiosn triggered by the closing of stomatal openings to prevent water loss |
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| A structural polysaccharide found in cell walls and composed of glucose molecules |
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance |
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| A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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| A substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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| Abbreviation for ribulose bisphosphate caroxylase oxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis |
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| Adding hydrogen gas under pressure ot make liquids oils more solid |
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| All of the physical and chemical reactions that produce and use energy |
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| Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree C |
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| An organelle found in plant cells that absorbs sunlight and used the energy derived to produce sugars. |
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| Any of the large molecules including polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, composed of subuints joined by dehydration synthesis |
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| Article reporting research results, wirtten by researches , and reviwed by the scientific community |
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| Books, news media, and advertisements as sources of scientific information |
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| Cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles |
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| Proteins (roles, monomeric unites of proteins, what are peptide bonds) |
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| Cellular constituents made of amino acids coded for by genes. Proteins can have structural, transport, or enzymatic roles |
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| Certain vitamins and other substances that protect the body from the damaging effects of free radicals |
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| Complementary bases pair with each other by hydrogen bonding across the DNA helix. Adenine is complemnetary to thymine and cytosine to guanine. |
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| Contains unsaturated fatty acids that have been hydrogenated, which changes the fat from a liquid to a solid at room temperature. |
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| Contrived situation designed to test specific hypotheses |
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| Describe a molecule with regions having different charges; capable of ionizing |
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| Describes a relationship between two factors |
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| Carbohydrate (roles, formula for simple sugars, roles of cellulose and glycogen) |
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| Energy-rich molecul that is the major source of energy for the cell. Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and exygen in the ratio CH2O |
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| Experimental design protocol when both research subjects and scientists performing the measurements are unaware of either the experimental hypothesis or who is the control or experimental group |
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| Flattened membranous sac located in the chloroplast stroma. Function in photosynthesis. |
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| Force of blood on artery walls when heart is contracting |
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| High Density Lipoprotein a cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood that is high in protein and low in cholesterol |
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| Hydrophobic molecule including fats, phospholipids, and steroids |
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| In biological membranes, a membrane that allows some substrances to pass but prohibits the passage of others |
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| Influence of research participants' opinions on experimental results |
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| Information based on one persons personal experience |
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| Information collected by scientists during hypothesis testing |
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| Inorganic nutrient essential to many cell functions |
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| Low Density Lipoprotien Cholesterol carrying subsance in the blood that is high in cholesterol and low in protein |
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| Metabolic reactiosn occurring in cells that result in the oxidation of macromolecules to produce ATP |
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| Monomer subunit of a protein. Contains an amino, a carboxyl, and a unique side group |
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| Movement of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant, powered by evaporation of water at the leave and the cohesive and adhesive properties of water |
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| Naturaly occurring or synthetic organic fat-soluble substance that produces physiologic effects |
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| Not able to dissolve in water |
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| Nutrient needed in small quantities |
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| Nutrient required in large quantities |
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| One of three types of lipids, phospholipids are components of cell membranes |
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| Nucleic Acids (role, monomeric unit, how do the bases pair in DNA, can you make a complementary strand of DNA) |
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| Polymers of nucleotides that comprise DNA and RNA |
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| Pores on the photosynthetic surfaces of plants that allow air into the internal structure of leaves and green stems. Stomata also provide portals through which water can escape |
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| Possible to evaluate through observations of the measurable universe |
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| Process by which plants, along with algae and some bacteria, transform light energy to chemical energy |
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| Resting energy use of an awake, alert person |
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| Sham treatments in experiments |
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| Small subgroup of a population used in an experimental test |
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| Sub for an experiment who is similar to experimental subject except is not exposed to the experimental treatment. Used as baseline values for comparison. |
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| Tentative explanation for an observation that requires testing ot validate |
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| The amount of energy that reactants in a chemical reaction must absorb before the reaction can start |
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| The ATP requring movement of substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient |
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| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| The lowest blood pressure in the arteries, occurring during diastole of the cardiac cycle |
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| The process by which reports of scientific research are examined and critiqued by other researches before they published in scholarly journals |
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| The retention of heat in the atmosphere by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases |
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| The secretion of molecules from a cell via fusion of membrane-bounded vesicles with the plasma membrane |
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| The semi-fluid matrix inside a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs |
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| The splitting of glucose into pyruvate which helps drive the synthesis of a small amount of ATP |
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| The spontaneous movement of substances from a region of their own high concentration to a region of their own low concentration |
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| The spontaneous passage of molecules, through membrane proteins, down their conentration gradient |
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| the steady state condition an organism works to maintain |
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| The substance upon which an enzyme reacts |
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| The tendency to attract electrons to form a chemical bond |
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| The total amount of of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance |
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| The uptaek of substances into cells by a pinching inward of the plasma membrane |
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| To speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts. |
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| Type of cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bounded organelles |
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| Type of lipid containing many carbon-to-carbon double bonds; liquid at room temperature |
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| Type of lipid rich in single bonds. Found in butter and other fats that re solids at room temperature. This type of fat is associated with higher blood cholesterol levels. |
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