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| The first plants clearly evolved form an organism that id existed today, would be classified as a multicellular green______ |
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| _______ plants include among others, the ferns, conifers, and the flowering plants, all of which contain nutrient conducting systems |
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| Plants lacking well developed conducting systems such as mosses liverworts and hornworts have been called |
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| All plants exibit ________ of generations of diploid sporophytes with haploid gametophytes |
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| Bryophytesm like ferns and certain other vasuclar pants, require ______ to reproduce sexually |
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| Mosses are remarkably sensitive to air________ |
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| _______ are the colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate |
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The gametophytes of liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are green and nutritionally independent of ______
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| Cells of vasular tissue, the _____, transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots |
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| Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of ______ |
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| in _____, both the sporophytes and the smaller gametophytes are photosynthetic |
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| In all seed plants, male and female________ develope within the parent sporophyte and are completely dependent on it for nutrition and water |
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| Pollen grains are immature _____ gametophytes |
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| The most familiar gymnospers are ____ which include pines, firs, and other |
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| A process unique to angiospers is____ fertilization |
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| Fertilizaiton in angiosperms leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and the typically triploid primary _____ nucleus |
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| The 4 basic tissue types found in vascular plant are: meristems, ground tissue, vasculat tissue and the ____ |
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| _____ give rise to cells and tissues in the plant |
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| The outer protective coating of the plant is formed from _____ tissue |
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| Plants grow from the division of _____ tissue |
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| ____growth results from cell division at the apical meristem at the tips of the plant body, which increase their length |
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| Secondary growth results from the division of _____ meristems, internal meristmatic cylinders within the plant axis, which increase the plants girth |
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| Very few monocots and about a 6th of all dicots are ____ because they complete their entire growth cycle within a year |
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| Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all cells of _____ tissue |
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| The somewhat spherical _____ cells are the least specialized and the most common type of all plant cell types |
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| Sieve cells and Sieve-tube members are 2 types of elongates cells found in _____ |
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| ________ stems do not produce a cork cambium |
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| The process by which leaves are shed is called______ |
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| From an anatomical point of view, ____ is accumulated secondary xylem |
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| Most dicot leaves have a flattened blade, and a slender stalk, called the _____ |
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| The tissue between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf is called _____ |
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| For plants to function normally, 2 kinds of internal transport are essential. One of them involves water and minerals, and the other involves_____ |
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| The loss of water through____ of water from leaves draws water up the stem |
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| More than 90% of the water that enters a plant reaches the intercellular spaces and is lost through the _____ |
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| _____ ion is the most important ion in controlling the movement of water into and out of the guard cells |
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| Stoma open when their guard cells become_____ |
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| Water first enters the roots and then to the Xylem by the process of ______ |
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| Sugar is taken from the sieve tubes in an area called a ____, where sugar is being used or stored |
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| On a short term basis, water loss in plants may be controlled by the closing of the ____ in the leaves |
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| The majority of ions entering a plant because of the casparian strips, come in through the _______ of cells rather than between their walls |
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| ____ is present in topsoil and consists of partly decayed organic matter |
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| The most important mineral nutrients added to soild through the use of ______ are Nitrogem, phosphorous, and potassium |
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| ________plants obtain nutrients directly by capturing and ingesting insects and other organisms |
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Which of the following is supplied in very large amounts, because it seems to have a major effect on crop yield
- Phosphorous
- Potassium
- Nitrogen
- Calcium
- Magnesium
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Which of the following is not a micronutrient?
- Iron
- Nitrogen
- Chloride
- Copper
- Manganese
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Which of the following is not considered a macronutrient?
- Iron
- Potassium
- Phosphorus
- Nitrogen
- Sulfer
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| Many plants can ____ themselves by asexual reproduction |
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| Angiosperms utilize temporary reproductive structures called ______ |
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| Flowers plants use animals or wind to transfer_____ between flowers |
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By __-__ million years ag, angiosperms were dominant in terrestrial habitats throughout the world
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| Sepals appear to be modified_____ |
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| Ovuls are produced in the ____ swollen lower portion called the ovary |
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| Plants which produce only ovules or only pollen are called_____ |
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| In______ plants such as oaks, birches, corn, both staminate and pistillate flowers are produced on the same plant |
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| A _____ is a sporophyte embryo whose development has been temporarily arrested |
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| The first seed-producing plants appeared about ___ million years ago |
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In much of North and South America, if a plant produces bright red flowers with little odor and copius nectar, it is reasonable to assume that is is pollinated by?
- Bees
- Butterflies
- Hummingbirds
- Moths
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| ______ are tissues composed of cells capable of repeated division which are laid out at the root and shoot apices. |
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| Seed leaves are also called_____ |
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| _____ cambium ultimately gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem |
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| The integuments which develope into a relatively impermeable seed coat are the outer layers of the _____ |
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| The leaves are the primary source of _____, a plant hormone that stimulates root production |
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_____ are chemical substances produced in small, often minute quontities in one part of an organism and then transported to another part of the organism, where they bring about physiological responces
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| _____is a gaseous hormone that controls the abscission of leaves, flowers and fruits in plants |
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| Absisic acif surpresses growth of buds and promotes leaf ____ |
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| _______ are growth responses of plants to a unidirectional source of light |
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| ______ is pressure within a living cell resulting from diffusion of water into it |
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| ______is a mechanism by which organisms respond to seasonal changes in the relative length of day and night |
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Which of the following is not a major kind of plant hormone?
- Auxin
- Nitrogen Oxide
- Cytokinin
- Gibberellin
- Ethylene
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The plant hormone with the simplest chemical structure is
- Auxin
- Abscisic acid
- Cytokinin
- Ethylene
- Gibberellin
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The growth response of plants to touch is called
- Phototropism
- Gravitropism
- Thigmotropism
- Phtoperidism
- Stimulitropism
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