Term
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Definition
| Large, complex cabon-containing compounds |
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Term
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Definition
-Valence Shell: 4e-
-4 Covalent bonds. Can have single, double, or triple bonds, depending on how many other atoms attached to |
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Term
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Definition
-C and H
-Non-Polar (not dissolvable in water)
-Hydrophobic
-Uncharged |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom or group of atoms, such as a carboxyl group, that replaces hydrogen in an organic compound and that defines the structure of a family of compounds and determines the properties of the family. |
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Term
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Definition
OH
-Containing an oxygen atom connected by a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom.
-Polar because electronegative oxygen
-E.g. ethanol |
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Term
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Definition
0=C
Composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom |
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Term
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Definition
| Consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
-Characterize living organisms
-Large molecules (macromolecules) contructed by covalent bonding of monomers, e.g. nucleic acids by nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
-Contains 3-7 Carbon atoms
-Contains 1C : 2H : 10-
-A polar Molecule + Hydrophilic |
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Term
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Definition
Pentose: ribosome and nucleic acids - DNA + RNA
Hexoses: glucose (cellular metabolism)
-Water Soluble |
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Term
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Definition
Two monosacharide rings joined by a glycosidic linkage
-e.g. sucrose (table sugar) |
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Term
| Polysaccharides (Storage) |
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Definition
1) Storage of=
Starch: a glucose monomers, only in plants.
Glycogen: glucose monomer only in animals |
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Term
| Polysaccharides (Structural) |
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Definition
Cellulose: glucose, plants, most abundant in nature.
Chitin: modified polysaccharide that contains nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
-Not polymers
-Hydrophobic |
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Term
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Definition
| Fats and Oils, Phospholipids, and Steroids |
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Term
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Definition
-Saturated Fatty Acids: no double bonds, solid at room temperature
-Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Double bonds, liquid at room temperature
Cell membranes: in cold environment, more unsaturated than saturated: prevents freezing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amphipathic Molecule: part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic |
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Term
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Definition
| C Atoms arranged into 4 rings (3 rings with 6 C, 1 ring with 5 C) |
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Term
| Levels of Organization of Proteins |
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Definition
Primary structure: linear sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure: H bonds. Tertiary Structure: Variations in R groups of adjascent AA's. Quaternary structure: Polypeptides.
= alters characteristic coiling and folding |
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