Term
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Definition
Nearly all are multicelled
Vast majority are photoautotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorb energy from sun -> sugars and oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
Contain lignin
(Component of cell walls for strength)
Carry out reproductive functions |
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Term
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Definition
Dermal tissue
Protection
Stomata with guard cells
Root hairs |
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Term
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Definition
Photosynthesis
Stores starch and water
Support |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Complete life cycle in one growing season
Peas, snapdragons and nasturtium |
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Term
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Definition
Live for two seasons
First season – roots, stems and leaves
Second season – flowers |
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Term
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Definition
| Grow and produce seeds year after year |
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Term
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Definition
-Anchor the plant
-Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved minerals
-Store food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| give rise to new cells and cell types throughout plant life |
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Term
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Definition
Apical meristem
Lateral meristem |
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Term
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Definition
Lengthen shoots and roots
Responsible for primary growth |
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Term
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Definition
Increases width of roots and stems
Responsible for secondary growth |
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Term
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Definition
-Supporting leaves, flowers, fruits
-Transport of water and sugars |
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Term
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Definition
Concentric rings of xylem
Alternating bands of early and late wood |
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Term
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Definition
| Xylem cells with large diameter, thin walls |
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Term
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Definition
| Xylem cells with smaller diameter, thicker wall |
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Term
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Definition
Fleshy leaves attached to stem
Onions |
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Term
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Definition
Horizontal stems – grow on surface
Strawberry's |
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Term
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Definition
Horizontal stems – grow underground
Grass |
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Term
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Definition
Storage of carbohydrates
Potato |
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Term
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Definition
Support plant (Mod Stem)
Grapes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Modified Stem: Cladophyll |
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Definition
Flatten photosynthetic stems.
Example:
Cactus |
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Term
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Definition
Usually thin
-Maximize surface area
-Promotes diffusion through stomata
Carbon dioxide in
Oxygen out
-arranged to capture sunlight
-Are held perpendicular to rays of sun |
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Term
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Definition
Undivided blade
Variations
-Teeth
-Indentions
-Simple pinnate
-Simple palmate (Veins come back to center)
-Simple palmate |
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Term
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Definition
Blade divided into leaflets
Pinnately compound
Palmately compound |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protection, reduce water loss |
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Term
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Definition
Pitcher plants
Venus flytrap |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Waxy layer around cells
Controls flow of water and nutrients
Water and solutes must flow through cells into vascular layer |
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Term
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Definition
| two organisms living together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Evaporation of water from stomata in leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transpiration from stomata |
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Definition
| Creates negative pressure or tension in xylem |
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Term
| Cohesion-Tension
Theory of Water Transport |
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Definition
Tensions extend downward from leaves to roots
Hydrogen-bonded water molecules are pulled upward |
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Term
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Definition
Root pressure is high
Forces water up to leaves
Water comes out near veins, not somata |
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Term
| Pressure Flow Theory – transport of organic molecules |
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Definition
Transport of sugars – sucrose
Starches, proteins and fats too large
Source to sink
Source – regions of photosynthesis
Transported in phloem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| places where sucrose stored or used |
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Term
| Organization scheme of life |
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Definition
Population
-Population size
-Population density
-Population distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential of an organism to replace itself |
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Term
| Factors influencing biotic potential |
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Definition
Age at which an organism first reproduces
Frequency of reproduction
Average number of offspring produced
Length of organism’s lifespan
Death rate under ideal conditions |
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Term
Factors affecting
Population growth rate |
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Definition
Birth rate
Mortality – death rate
Immigration
Emigration |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of an original population that survives to a given age |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Factors that limit the size of a population
Space, light, water and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| Maximum number of individuals that an area can support |
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Term
| Density dependent factors |
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Definition
Disease
Interactions among organisms
-Competition
-Predator / prey
Stress |
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Term
| Factors affecting community structure |
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Definition
Geo-chemical
Type and amount of food available
Adaptive traits of organisms
Specialist
Generalist
Interactions among populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Full range of environmental conditions under which an organism exists |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller niche resulting from pressure and interactions with other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Color, shape and behavior of organism make it difficult to detect |
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Term
Individual responses
(Predator / prey relationships) |
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Definition
Startle behavior
Playing dead
Shedding body parts
Outrunning predator |
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Term
Group responses
(Predator / prey relationships) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Thorns
Spines
Chemical substances |
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Term
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Definition
| All those compounds necessary for growth |
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Term
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Definition
Repel, kill or interfere with normal activities of plant eating organisms
-Cyanide, cocaine, caffeine, tannins |
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Term
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Definition
Armor
Warning coloration
Mimicry |
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Term
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Definition
| Two organisms of different species live together in close and long term association |
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Term
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Definition
Parasite benefits but host is harmed
-Ectoparasite
-Endoparaste
-Host specific
-Social parasitism |
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Term
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Definition
Both organisms benefit
Endosymbiosis theory |
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Term
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Definition
| One benefits and other is neither harmed or benefited |
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Term
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Definition
| Living and nonliving components interacting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Release chemical into environment, digest and absorb digested nutrients
Bacteria and fungus |
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Term
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Definition
Eat dead organic matter
Earthworms, crabs |
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Term
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Definition
| endency of toxic substances to increase in concentration in progressively higher levels in the food chain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Changes in vegetation over time
Occurs in stages = seres
Types:
-Primary succession
-Secondary succession |
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Term
| Asexual Reproduction (Plants) |
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Definition
New roots or shoots grow from extensions or fragments of existing plants
Proceeds by way of mitosis
All offspring are genetically identical |
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Term
| Vegetative Reproduction (Asexual Reproduction) |
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Definition
Bulbs
Runners
Rhizomes
Tubers
Corms |
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Term
| Artificial methods (Asexual Reproduction) |
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Definition
Cuttings
Grafting
Tissue culture |
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Term
Nonfertile parts
of the Flower |
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Definition
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Term
Fertile parts
of the Flower |
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Definition
Male: stamens
Female: carpels (ovary) |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of pollen grains to a receptive stigma |
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Term
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Definition
Pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates
A pollen tube grows
Generative nuclei divides forms two sperm nuclei
-One sperm fertilizes the egg
-Other fuses with nuclei of endosperm |
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Term
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Definition
-Occurs only in angiosperms
-Fusion of a sperm nucleus with the nuclei of endosperm produces a triploid (3n) cell
-Gives rise to the endosperm |
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Term
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Definition
Walls of ovary change:
-Fleshy fruit
-Modify to form wing structure
-Form pod |
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Term
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Definition
Wind currents
Water currents
Animals
Fruit structure is adapted to mode of dispersal |
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Term
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Definition
Process by which the plant embryo resumes growth after seed dispersal
Depends upon environmental factors:
-Temperature
-Soil moisture
-Oxygen levels |
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