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Bio 100 OCC Chapter 4
Cells and other things covered in chapter 4
28
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/10/2010

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Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition
is an organism whose cells contain complex structures inside the membranes.
Term
Prokaryote Cells
Definition
are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
also sometimes referred to as the "control center", is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Term
Organelle
Definition
is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer.
Term
Cytosol
Definition
is the liquid found inside cells. In eukaryotes this liquid is separated by cell membranes from the contents of the organelles suspended in the cytosol, such as the mitochondrial matrix inside the mitochondrion.
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
is one biological membrane separating the interior of a cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane surrounds all cells and it is semi-permeable, controlling the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
is the part of a cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane.
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.
Term
Ribosome
Definition
are the components of cells that make proteins from amino acids.
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Veticulum
Definition
is an eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells.
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
is a non-membrane bound structure[1] composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus. Makes RNA
Term
Transport vesicles
Definition
can move molecules between locations inside the cell, e.g., proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
Term
Endomembrane System
Definition
is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. Contains Transport Vesicles
Term
Golgi Complex
Definition
process and package macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion.
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
has functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification, attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins, and steroid metabolism.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
are spherical organelles that contain enzymes (acid hydrolases). They break up food so it is easier to digest
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Takes in food and puts out ATP. Primary souce of energy production.
Term
Intermediate Filaments
Definition
between micro filaments and micro tubes. Stabilize the neucleous.
Term
Microfilament
Definition
are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein.
Term
Microtubule
Definition
Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport. Also the Largest and determins the shape of the cell.
Term
Cilla
Definition
a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms
Term
Flagella
Definition
is a tail-like projection that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and functions in locomotion.
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
Membrane bound organelle which are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis.
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Channels which traverse cell walls of plant cells enabling transport and communication between them.
Term
Gap Junction
Definition
is a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types
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