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Struc: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Func: Recognize, coordinate respond to internal and external stimuli |
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Struc: Skin, hair, nails, sweat, oil glands
Func: A barrier against infection and in jury, regulates body temp, protects from sun |
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Struct: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, trachea, bronchi, broncioles,lungs
Func: Delivers oxygen to tissues and cells while removing Carbon Dioxide |
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Struc: Mouth pharynx, esophogus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum
Func: Converts food to smaller molecules that can be used by the cells of the body, absorbs nutrients, eliminates wastes |
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Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureturs, urinary bladder, urethra
Func: Eliminates waste and maintains homeostasis |
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Struc: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
Func: Supports the body, protects internal organs, stores minerals, blood formation |
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Struc: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Func: Produces voluntary movement, moves food thru the digestive system and helps circulate blood |
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Struc: Heart, blood vessels, blood
Func: Brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells, fights infection, removes cell waste, regulates body temp |
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Struc: Hypothalamus, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Func: Controls growth, development and metabolism, maintains homeostasis |
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Struc: Testes, epididymis, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina
Func: Produces reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) |
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Struc: White bolld cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
Func: Fights disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns it to the circulatory system. |
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| They are cells which are uniquely suited a particular function. |
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| Glands and tissues that covers both the inside and the outside of the bodies surfaces. |
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| provides support for the body and connects its parts. |
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| A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function |
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| A group of different tissues which work together to perform a single function. Four types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. |
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| Means "keeping things in balance" The body does it by all body systems working together at all times to maintain a stable internal environment. |
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| Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to both internal and external stimuli. |
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| The cells that transmit nerve impulses. Three kinds: sensory, motor and interneurons. |
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| The largest part of a neuron, it contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm with organelles. |
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| Extend from the cell body. Carry impulses from other neurons or the environment towards the cell body. |
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| The long, thin fiber that extends away from the cell body and carries the impulse to its terminals for transmission to the next cell or target tissue. |
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| The end of the axon where neurotransmitter will be released. |
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| An insulating membrane on the axon of some nerve cells. Does not cover the entire axon but leaves gaps, called nodes where the axon is exposed to the environment. |
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| The places on some axons where the myelin sheath is missing. The impulse "jumps" down the axon from node to node. |
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| The electrical charge across the nerve cell membrane in its resting state. The outside of the nerve cell is positive while the inside is negative. |
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| Begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron of the environment. |
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| When the impulse travels down the axon it causes a very short, localized reversal of the charge inside the cell making it more positive than outside the cell. As soon as the impulse passes that section of the axon the ion channels open allowing it to go back to the resting state where the inside is again more negative. |
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| The minimum strength of a stimulus that is required to activate a nerve cell. All-or-none refers to the fact that the impulse will either go, or not. There is never a "kinda" impulse. |
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| The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse from its axon terminals to the dendrites of another neuron. This is where neurotransmitters are released using exocytosis. |
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| The axon terminals have vessicles with these chemicals in them which will be released into the synapse in order to send the impulse to the next nerve cell. |
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| Relays messages, processes information and analyzes information. It controls the entire body and maintains homeostasis thru this control. |
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| Three layers of connective tissue that surround the brn and spinal cord. Infection/inflamation of them causes neck pain and stiffness with a fever and headaches, called meningytis. |
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| Surrounds the brain and spinal cord to protect it. Blood must pass thru this to get to the brain or spinal cord. |
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| the largest part of the brain, responsible for conscious activities. Also the site of intelligence, learning and judgement. |
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| The control center for hunger, thirst, anger, fatigue and body temp. A big role in homeostasis. |
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| Connects the brain and spinal cord. All incoming and outgoing impulses pass thru here. Controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and swallowing. The oldest part of the brain and the part we have in common with even extremely low level organisms like worms. |
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| A quick, automatic movement in response to a stimulus. Allows your body to respond to danger immediately without having to travel to the brain. |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| All the nerve cells and tissues which are not part of the brain and spinal cord. Two parts: Somatic and Autonomic. |
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| Part of the peripheral nervous system. Regulates activites under conscious or voluntary control such as skeletal muscle. |
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| Regulates involuntary functions. Two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic which act to turn on and off the same same organ under different circumstances. |
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| Carries impulses from the body to the brain for interpretation and response if needed. |
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| Carries impulses from the brain to the peripheral nerves throughout the body in response to sensory nerve input. |
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| Connects two neurons to transmt information in the same direction (either towards or away from the brain) |
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