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| The scientific study of substances, especially the interaction of substances. |
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Anything that has weight and occupies space |
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substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances |
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| How many naturally occuring chemical elements are there? How many are found in the human body? |
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| What are the most abundant elements in the human body? |
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hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
nitrogen |
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Definition
the smallest unit of an element that participates in chemical reactions. |
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subatomic particles that compose atoms |
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protons, neutrons and electrons |
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Proton's have a ___ charge |
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Neutrons have ____ charge |
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Electrons have a ____ charge |
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| Protons and neutrons are located in the centrally located _____ of an atom |
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The ____ _____ indicates the number of protons and also the number of electrons in each atom |
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| The _____ ______ is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in each atom |
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An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons is called an____ |
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| Certain isotops that have an unstable nucleus that emits high-energy radiation is a _____ |
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| When atoms combine chemically in specific ways they form ____ |
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| a ____ _____ is composed of two elements chemically combine in a fixed ration |
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a ____ is the smallest unit of a compound |
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A _____ _____ expresses both the composition of a single molecule and the composition of a compound |
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A bond that is formed when atoms donate or recieve electrons |
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Definition
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Atoms with a net electrical charge, either positive or negative are |
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Positively charged ions are called ____ |
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Negatively Charged ion's are called ____ |
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When ionic compounds are dissolved in water, their molecules tend to _____ releasing ions called _____ |
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| The bond that is formed when molecules share electrons |
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| A weak attractive force between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom. |
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| The reaction in which simple substances combine to form a more complex substance |
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Definition
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| The reaction in which a complex substance is broken down into simpler substances |
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Compounds that may contain either carbon or hydrogen in the same molecule but not both |
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| Compounds that always contain both carbon and hydrogen and usually also contain oxygen |
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3 major inorganic compounds |
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Definition
Water
Acids and Bases
Salts |
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increases the hydrogen ion (H+) |
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decreases the concentration of H+ |
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Definition
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The measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) |
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pH of 0 =
pH of 7=
pH of 14= |
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Definition
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| A ____ is a chemical or a combination of chemicals that either picks up excess H+ or releases H+ to keep the pH of a solution rather constant |
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Definition
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| ___ ____ are ionic compounds that dissociate in an aqueous solution, but they do not produce hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. |
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Definition
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Major Organic Compounds are |
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Definition
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
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Carbohydrates are formed of ____,____,and _____ |
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Definition
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
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| The primary source of nutrient energy for cells of the body |
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Definition
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The simplest carbohydrates (simple sugar) name an example |
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Definition
monosaccharides
ex: glucose |
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The chemical combination of two monosaccharides form a _____
(examples?) |
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Definition
disaccharide
(double sugar)
ex: maltose, sucrose and lactose |
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| a _____ is formed by the chemical combination of many monosaccharide units. |
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the storage form of carbohydrates in the body |
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Storage form of carbohydrates in plants |
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____ are a large, diverse group of organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. |
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The most abundant lipids in the body are _____ |
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Consist of three fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
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the most concentrated energy source found in the body |
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A triglyceride that has a single carbon-carbon bond |
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A triglyceride that has one or more double carbon-carbon bond |
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| the process used in changing vegetable oils to a solid |
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Definition
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Similar to triglycerides but have a phosphate containing group |
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Definition
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| Another group of lipids that characteristically contain four carbon rings |
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An essential component of the body cells and serves as the raw material for the synthesis of other steroid molecules |
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| Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids |
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Definition
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| Acids joined by peptide bonds |
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Definition
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| 2 amino acids bonded together form a _____ |
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Definition
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| A chain up to 50 amino acids form a ______ |
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chain of 50 to thousands of amino acids form a_____ |
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Important, because without them chemical reactions would occur too slowly to maintain life. |
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Catalyzes a particular chemical reaction by binding to a substrate and weakening a chemical bond. |
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nucleotide that composes the hereditary portion of chromosomes in the cell nucleus |
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Definition
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nucleotide that carries the coded instructions from DNA to the cellular machinery involved in protein synthesis |
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Definition
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| A modified nucleotide that provides immediate energy to keep cellular processes operating |
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Definition
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