Term
1) List 4 characteristics of Phylum Annelida
2) Give 3 examples of these animals |
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Definition
1) Bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, true coelom, 2 openings to gut, cephalization advanced over Nematodas, mouth - sensitive to heat, light, and touch, and segmentation
2) Earthworm, Marine worm, and leeches |
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Term
1) List 4 characteristics of an Earthworm
2) List the steps for digestion in an earthworm |
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Definition
1) Have setae (Bristles-prevent slippage), Clitellum (dorsal swelling which secretes a cocoon), hermaphrodite, breathe through skin
2) Mouth - Pharynx(muscular) - Esophagus (muscular contractions move food through tube(peristalsis)) - crop (store) - Gizzard (grind) - Intestine (folds to increase surface area) - anus |
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Term
1) What does peristalsis mean?
2) What type of circulatory system do Earthworms have?
3) Describe their excretory system
4) What is the importance of earthworms? |
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Definition
1) Waves of muscular contractions moves food through a tube
2) Closed circulatory system - hemoglobin - bleed red
3) Nephridia - 1 end open to coelom, other to outside of body
4) They break up, enrich, and aerate soil |
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Term
1) List a few characteristics of Marine worms
2) List a few characteristics of Leeches |
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Definition
1) Parapodia - locomotion/oxygen, Trochophore larvae - free swimming
2) No setae, no parapodia, suckers, muscular pharynx - teeth (protrudes through mouth) |
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Term
1) List 4 characteristics of Phylum Mollusca
2) What does mollusca mean? Give 5 examples of mollusks |
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Definition
1) Bilateral symmetry, many have mantle (specialized muscular layer), secretes shell (exoskeleton), have muscular ventral foot for locomotion, MOST have radula (teeth on tongue - rough file - tears food apart)
2) Soft bodied - examples: Clams, oysters, octopus, squids, snails, slugs |
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Term
1) Discuss mollusks basic body plan
2) What is the importance of Phylum Mollusca |
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Definition
1) Head foot (sensory, motor), Viseral mass:digestive, excretory, heart - 2 atria 1 ventricle, and a mantle cavity (gills or lung) modified depending on habitat
2) Food - oysters, clams, octopus, squid, Jewellery - pearls, shipworm clams, snails(flukes) |
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Term
1) What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
2) List the 5 classes in phylum Arthropoda |
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Definition
1) Body segmented, exoskeleton-chiton-moult, jointed appendages(moveable extension from main body), 3 layers body wall with coelom, advanced cephalization
2) Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, prawns), Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Arachnida, Insecta |
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Term
1) List 3 characteristics of class Crustacea
2) List a characteristic of class Diplopoda
3) List a characteristic of class Chilopoda
4) List 3 characteristics of class Arachnida
5) List 4 characteristics of class INSECTA |
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Definition
1) Cephalothorax (fused head and thorax together), exoskeleton, 2 pairs of antennae, almost always aquatic
2) 2 pairs of legs/segment
3) 1 pair of legs/segment
4) 4 pairs of walking legs, respiration -booklungs/trachea-tubes, no antennae, no wings, most predators, parasites, EX: spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites
5) head, thorax, abdomen, 3 pairs of legs(thorax), one pair of antennae, usually wings, trachea-respiration, exoskeleton |
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Term
1) What is the importance of importance of phylum ARTHROPODA
2) What are the 5 survival advantages that arthropodes possess? |
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Definition
1) Compete for food, fabric, destroy houses , transmit disease, pollinators
2) Complete and incomplete metamorphosis - different habitat/food, flight - food/mates/escape, size - less food/occupy any habitat, reproductive rate INCREDIBLE, exoskeleton waterproof - protection(shed in order to grow)MOULTS - INSTARS ->stages between moults (BONUS QUESTION) |
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Term
| 1) Discuss the structure(head, thorax, and abdomen) of phylum arthropoda |
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Definition
1) Head:antennae - chemoreceptors on antennae(feelers) Eyes: compound - 4000 lenses, simple - 1 lense, mouthparts a:chewing (simple) feed on solid food
Thorax: wings, 6 legs, legs modified for running, jumping, swimming, wings are supported by veins - blood
Abdomen: Anus, Ovipositor - egg laying tool, spiracles, cerci |
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Term
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
1) Discuss digestion in arthropods
2) Discuss the excretory system |
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Definition
1) Mouth-food moistened by saliva enzymes, -> esophagus - crop(stored, partially digested) -> Gizzard(food chewed) -> Stomach(most digestion and absorption) -> Intestine(water,ions) -> Colon -> Rectum -> Anus
2) Malpighian tubules - uric acid into intestine |
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Term
1) Discuss respiration in arthropods
2) Discuss circulation in arthropods
3) Discuss nervous system in arthropods
4) Discuss reproduction in arthropods
5) Define parthenogenesis |
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Definition
1) Spiracles:(valves:restrict water loss, control air flow) -> Trachea - system of branching air tubes(blood not involved)
2) Open circulatory system, heart(long) pumps blood forward through aorta into head - flows back into abdomen
3) Brain receives stimuli, coordinates body movements EX: FLYING
4) Testes - sperm deposited in female sperm receptacle during mating
5) Produce eggs without fertilization |
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Term
1) Give a four examples of animals from Phylum Echinodermata
2) Give a few characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata
3) Give a few characteristics of a Sea star
4) What is the importance of Sea stars |
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Definition
1) Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars
2) ALL MARINE, endoskeleton with protruding spines, DEUTEROSTOME - blastopore develops into an anus, modified radial symmetry
3) *Water-vascular system - canals connected to tube feet--> used for locomotion, food getting, respiration,
*No head, no brain, ring of nerves around mouth, external fertilization, stomach
4) Predators, destroying coral reef |
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Term
| 1) What are the four characteristics of Phylum Chordata? |
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Definition
| 1) Largest animals, Presence of flexible, dorsal NOTOCHORD-which gets replaced by our vertebral column, hollow dorsal nerve tube-> brain, spinal cord, Gill slits present-> at least in embryo, and they have a post anal tail |
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Term
1) What makes up the AXIAL skeleton?
2) What makes up the APPENDICULAR skeleton?
3) What type of circulatory system do Chordates have?
4) What are the three class of fish? |
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Definition
1) Vertebral column, skull, and the rib cage - it protects and supports
2) Appendage bones and wide flattened girdles for major body supports - legs/arms
3) CLOSED - blood is always kept in the blood vessels
4) Agnatha - without jaws - notochord
Chondrichthyes - Cartilage - sharks, rays
Osteichthyes - Bony fish |
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Term
| 1) Give some characteristics of fish |
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Definition
| 1) *body streamlined for moving through water, *appendages: fin(propulsion,balance), *skin covered by scales(protection)mucuous, *fertilization mainly external (internal-sharks), *almost all AQUATIC - most gills for respiration(under flap called operculum=protects gills), *swim-bladder - regulates buoyancy, *ectothermic, *lateral line - sensory(pressure, vibration)(detects movements in water) |
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Term
1) How many chambers does a fishes heart have?
2) Discuss the digestive system of a fish
3) What does the cerebrum control?
4) What does the cerebellum do? Medulla? |
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Definition
1) 2
2) mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-intestine-anus
3) Voluntary movements
4) Coordinates muscular activites, Medulla- controls internal organs (heartbeat, digestion)(INVOLUNTARY) |
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Term
| 1) List some characteristics of class AMPHIBIA |
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Definition
| 1) moist skin with mucous glands->prevent dessication, toads->thicker skin(dry), no covering on skin, external fertilization, ectothermic, totally AQUATIC, adult frogs->breathe through lungs and skin, tadpoles->breathe through lungs, metamorphosis, appendages = legs, 3 chambered heart - 2 atria , 1 ventricle |
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Term
| 1) Discuss the frogs digestive system |
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Definition
| 1) Mouth - > Pharynx(throat) -> Gullet or esophagus -> Stomach -> Pyloric valve(controls entry of food into small intestine) -> Small intestine -> Large intestine -> Cloaca (common opening) |
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Term
1) List some characteristics of REPTILES
2) What is the importance of reptiles? |
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Definition
1) First vertebrates - independent of water, dry skin covered with protective scales(formed by an insoluble protein called keratin), internal fertilization, Ectotherms, Development of shelled egg, 3 chambered heart (crocodile = 4)
2) Food(turtle eggs), hunted for skin, snakes(belts, shoes) |
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Term
| 1) List some characteristics of BIRDS |
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Definition
| 1) *scales on legs, *gizzad, claws, * ENDOthermic, *4 chambered heart ->complete seperation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, *air sacs - lungs->efficient gas exchange, presence of feathers -> keratin, makes flight possible, isolation, *HOLLOW bones, internal organs light, *streamlined body, *structurally similar, classified by their methods of food gettings, avoiding enemies, attracting mates, *INTERNAL fertilization, *territoriality ->male defends an area against other males of same species, *shelled egg, *care of young, *incubated egg |
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Term
| 1) List and describe the six parts of the egg (FIRST THREE) |
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Definition
1) *Egg shell-brittle, porous with egg membrane, gas exchange between the embryo and outside air, waterproof
*Yolk sac - nourishes embryo - protein, fat
*Albomen(egg white) - supplies water, nutrients to embryo |
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Term
1) SECOND THREE
2) What is the importance of Birds |
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Definition
AS EMBRYO DEVELOPS...
* Amnion - membrane around embryo - fluid to protect developing embryo
* Allantois - bags that collects waste(garbage bag)
* Chorion - outermost membrane, prevents water loss
2) Turkey, chicken, eggs, pests, guano-bird poop/fertilizer, budgies(pets) |
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Term
| 1) What are some evolutionary trends we've seen in kingdom animalia? |
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Definition
1) *Loose cell organization ->well defined tissue layers
*No coelom -> Pseudocoelom -> Coelom
*Asymmetrical -> Radial -> Bilateral
*No cephalization -> definate cephalization
*Dependence on water -> Independence of water
*External fertilization -> Internal fertilization
*Egg laying -> Giving birth to live offspring |
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Term
1) List some characteristics of mammals
2) What are a few characteristics of Monotremes, and give an example of one
3) What are a few characteristics of Marsupials? What is an example of one |
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Definition
1) Diversified, diaphragm, thin muscular layer from thoracic to abdominal cavity, presence of mammary glands, hair for insulation
2) Lay eggs, nurse young after hatching, no nipples, NON PLACENTAL
EX: Duckbilled platypus
3) Live young, infants born very immature stage, live in mother's pouch, NON PLACENTAL
EX: Kangaroo, Koala bear |
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Term
1) What is a placental mammal?
2) Discuss their integumentary system(skin)
3) Discuss the sequence of digestion in mammals (mouth, intestine ,...) |
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Definition
1) One which has an organ(placenta) through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the embryo.
2) Waterproof, melanin, vitamin D, regulates body temperature, unbroken skin protects against bacteria entry
3) Mouth-Pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
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Term
1) What function does the pancreas serve?
2) What does the liver do?
3) What do the small and large intestines do? |
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Definition
1) Release digestive enzymes, insulin
2) Produces bile(stored in gall bladder), stores, regulates, detoxifies, alcohol,nicotine, tylenol
3) Small Intestine- most digestion and absorption occurs
Large Intestine- Storage of undigested material, absorption of water, Vitamin K and Ecoli, helps clot blood |
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Term
1) What is the function of the circulatory system?
2) What do arteries do? Veins?
3) What do the capillaries do? |
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Definition
1) Transports nutrients, oxygen, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and antibodies
2) Arteries - carry blood away from the heart(highest pressure)
Veins - Carry blood back to the heart (large diameter)
3) Smallest, thin walled, exchange blood-tissues, actual exchange of oxygen, nutrients, LOW pressure |
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Term
| 1) What are the four components in blood and what are their functions? |
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Definition
1) *Blood plasma - 60% of blood, gases,salts,nutrients, etc dissolved in water
*Red Blood cells - specialized for oxygen transport, manufactured in bone marrow, 250 million in a drop of blood
*White Blood cells - Major role in defending body against bacteria, one W.B.C. of every 1000 R.B.C.
*Platelets - initiate blood clotting, fibinogen -> fibrin -> Sticky threads |
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Term
1) Label heart diagram and know the functions of the following:
-right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle, Superior vena cava, Aorta, Pulonary artery, pulmonary vein, |
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Definition
1) *Right atrium - Receives deoxygenated blood from tissues
*Right ventricle - pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
*Left atrium - Receives oxygenated blood from lungs
*Left ventricle - Pumps oxygenated blood to aorta and body tissues
*Aorta - Carries oxygenated blood to tissues
*Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
*Pulmonary vein - Returns oxygenated blood to heart from lungs
*Superior Vein cava - returns deoxygenated blood to heart |
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Term
1) What is the result of the 4 chambered heart?
2) What are the structures involved in Respiration? |
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Definition
1) Full seperation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
2) *Nose - cilia,mucous, collects debris and warms air, dampened, *Pharynx - common passageway, *Larynx - Voice box, vocal cords accross, swallowing = vocal cords close, epiglottis covered *Trachea - windpipe-ring cartilage, cilia and mucuous, *Bronchi/Brochioles - mucuous and cilia, *Alveoli - small air sacs at ends of bronchioles, each surrounded by capillaries - no cilia, mucous |
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Term
1) What do the kidneys do?
2) What is nephron
3) What is ADH |
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Definition
1) Excrete urea(comes from breakdown of proteins), adjust ion concentration, maintain water balance
2) functional unit of kidney
3) Formed in hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, affects amount of water excreted by urine |
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Term
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1) What two components make up the HINDBRAIN, and what do they do
2) What is in the midbrain
3) What 2 components make up the forebrain |
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Definition
1) Medulla - base of skull, controls rate of heartbeat, breathing, vomiting
Cerebellum - balance and coordination of movement
2) Midbrain - relay centre
3) Hypothalamus - hunger, thirst, anger, sex drive, body temperature
Cerebrum - 80% of mass brain, oral expression, hand movements, thinking, memory |
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