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BiLOLogy
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93
Biology
Undergraduate 4
05/03/2010

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Cards

Term
Animal use in lab research is increasing or decreasing?
Definition
Decreasing.
Term
How many animals are used in the U.S per year?
Definition
18-22 million.
Term
What 3 animals make up 85% of animal testing?
Definition
Rats mice and birds.
Term
What philosopher raised questions about animal treatment in the 18th century?
Definition
Jeremy Bentham
Term
What is the term used to describe where most people stand?
Definition
The troubled middle.
Term
What are the 3 Rs.
Definition
Replacement, Reduction and Refinement.
Term
What is LD 50?
Definition
If a substance kills 50% of animals it is toxic.
Term
What is LD 50?
Definition
If a substance kills 50% of animals it is toxic.
Term
What disease was cured without animal testing? With what type of cells?
Definition
Polio. HeLa
Term
What two Rs are most scientists aiming for?
Definition
Reduction and Refinement.
Term
Which is tested on the most? Dogs, cats or primates?
Definition
Dogs
Term
What makes British surgeons special?
Definition
They don't practice on animals.
Term
What two things helped spark regulation changes?
Definition
Silver Springs and the Gennarelli tapes.
Term
What is often the result of scientists who speak against animal testing?
Definition
They become outsiders.
Term
Who coined the term "speciesism."?
Definition
Peter Singer
Term
Who started the modern animal rights movement?
Definition
Peter Singer.
Term
Where does the animal rights movement name and most of its ideas come from?
Definition
The Case for Animal Rights
Term
Who wrote The Case for Animal Rights?
Definition
Regan.
Term
Who said that animals can't have interests, stemming from a ladder based on the fact that they don't have language?
Definition
Frey.
Term
Who wrote The Case for Animal Experimentation?
Definition
Fox
Term
How did fox's views change and why?
Definition
He became opposed to animal research because he drew parallels between Animal Rights and Environmentalism.
Term
Was Cohen for or against animal rights?
Definition
Against.
Term
Why did Cohen say animals can't have rights?
Definition
Because they can't reciprocate societal duties.
Term
What is the predicament with Cohen's argument and how did he justify it?
Definition
That handicapped people also can't reciprocate societal duties. He said that the human species as a whole was of greater value because we can reason.
Term
What two errors does Cohen find with the argument that animal research is wrong?
Definition
1.He doesn't think speciesism is comparable to racism.
2. He thinks the good that can come from animal research outweighs the suffering.
Term
What shot does Cohen take at animal activists?
Definition
They probably aren't vegetarians.
Term
What animal and field did Harlow test?
Definition
Monkeys/psychopathology.
Term
How did monkeys react to abusive "mothers"?
Definition
They still clung to them.
Term
How did monkeys raised in isolation affect their parenting skills?
Definition
It made them abusive.
Term
What predicament to LaFollette and Shanks raise in Brute Science?
Definition
If a monkey is not similar enough to humans their is no point in testing on them but if they are similar enough then it is wrong to do so.
Term
What case made PETA famous?
Definition
The Silver Springs case.
Term
Who founded PETA?
Definition
Pacheco and Newkirk?
Term
What is deafferentation?
Definition
Cutting the nerves out of animals.
Term
Who's lab ran deafferntation experiments?
Definition
Taub.
Term
What type of stem cells turn into other cells?
Definition
Pluripotent.
Term
Where do pluripotent stem cells come from?
Definition
Marrow.
Term
Who wrote Technopoly.
Definition
Neil Postman.
Term
Is Technopoly pro or against technology?
Definition
Against. Kind of.
Term
What is one example of technology that seemed good but turned out bad?
Definition
Gene Therapy.
Term
What was the negative side effect of gene therapy?
Definition
cancer
Term
Palumbi shows the difference between what to fields?
Definition
Artificial selection and Brute-force engineering.
Term
What is the problem with replacing one gene?
Definition
It has a domino effect.
Term
What are the 3 differences between artificial selection and genetic engineering?
Definition
1. Inclusion of regulatory genes.
2. Selection of whole-organism success.
3. Large populations, multiple variants.
Term
What does Palumbi compare genetic engineering to?
Definition
Dropping the guns on main street.
Term
What are some problems associated with gene manipulation?
Definition
Organisms run wild( Mexican corn.)
Products may be toxic.
Term
Where do stem cells come from?
Definition
Blastocysts.
Term
Why did Newman want to hold a patent on cloning Chimera's for organ harvesting?
Definition
So he could ban it.
Term
What does midgley think the real worry about GM is?
Definition
Hype.
Term
What disease is an example of "Getting what we asked for?
Definition
Mad cow.
Term
What problem in human mindset raises concerns with genetic manipulation?
Definition
We seem to dissassociate ourselves with our bodies and play god.
Term
What analogy did Descartes Newston and others make about the world?
Definition
ITS A CLOCK!
Term
What is Algeny?
Definition
The attempt to give metaphysical meaning to humanity's technological relationship with nature.
Term
What causes mad cow?
Definition
Prions.
Term
What is BSE? What is vCJD
Definition
Mad Cow disease. The Human form.
Term
What is Xenotransplantation?
Definition
The transfer of organs from nonhumans to humans.
Term
What dangers come from Xenotransplantation?
Definition
Even if we overcome rejection we can still get their diseases.
Term
Who talks about Gray Goo?
Definition
Bill Joy.
Term
What use does Sulfur Dioxide have on the sun's rays?
Definition
It blocks them out.
Term
John Loannidis found that what % of clinical studies are false or exaggerated?
Definition
1/3
Term
What were Gross(Yale)' findings?
Definition
industry sponsered studies make pro-industry results.
Term
What term do drugs have to be proven?
Definition
Effective
Term
What problem does Furberg say plagues drug testing?
Definition
Too small a scale.
Term
What happened to Graveline?
Definition
He was prescribed Lipitor and got amnesia.
Term
What in Lipitor affected his memory?
Definition
Statins.
Term
There is a growing concern that medicine treats the _____ not the _____.
Definition
numbers, patients.
Term
Who wrote the Dawn of McScience?
Definition
Horton
Term
What 2 things happened in 1980?
Definition
The Patent and Trademark act that allows universites to profit from research. The supreme court allowed Chakrabart to patent a bacteria. (Life)
Term
What happened when Oliveri wanted to reveal info against Apotex?
Definition
She was legally threatened. And Fired.
Term
What percentage of scientists in the medical research field have incentive?
Definition
1/4.
Term
What type of publication is especially vulnerable to corporations?
Definition
Medical Journals.
Term
Why are Medical Journal articles untrustworthy?
Definition
They are not peer reviewed.
Term
About 100K people had heart attacks and strokes because of what drug?
Definition
Vioxx.
Term
How do Vioxx and Celebrex fuck you up?
Definition
They make your platelets stickier.
Term
What university and organization are fighting communication?
Definition
harvard and the AMSA.
Term
What two experiments were done at Dachau?
Definition
Altitude and freezing.
Term
What experiments were done at the womens' concentration camps?
Definition
Bone grafting and sulfonamides.
Term
Where did Hitler learn about Blood-cement?
Definition
Ghengis Kahn.
Term
What did Brack use to sterilize?
Definition
X-Rays.
Term
Who was Hitler's physician?
Definition
Brandt.
Term
Where German citizens aware of what was going on?
Definition
Myes.
Term
What two factions resisted the Nazi's in Germany?
Definition
Niemoller and the WHite Rose Resistance group.
Term
Out of the 23 defendants at Nuremberg, how many were found guilty?
Definition
16.
Term
What arose from the Nuremberg trials?
Definition
The Nuremberg code.
Term
Who was Leo Alexander?
Definition
Tne consulting psychiatrist at the Nuremberg trials.
Term
What is the main point of the Nuremberg code?
Definition
That consent is vital.
Term
How were doctors encouraged to bond in Germany?
Definition
Drinking.
Term
What is the term for how Doctors created an alter ego?
Definition
Doubling.
Term
What does Keen analyze in Faces of the Enemy?
Definition
How people dealing with commiting attrocities.
Term
What is dualistic logic?
Definition
Us. vs Them
Term
What is a modern example of dehumanization?
Definition
Abu Ghirab.
Term
What does Miles call for?
Definition
The end of torture.
Term
Who is Ivy?
Definition
The consultant to prosecution for the N. Trials. He told us what was going on.
Term
What parallel does Lifton draw?
Definition
The nazis and nuclear weapons.
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