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| Darwins book that created a scientific revolution |
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| Darwin observed on the Galapagos that |
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| species change over time and can give rise to new species over time (finches) |
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| Can give rise to new species/adaptations |
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Natural selection
-process by which heritable variations that increase fitness become more prevalent in successive generations
-differential success in reproduction |
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| Descent with modification |
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| the best adapted individuals pass on their characteristics to the next generation |
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| occurs in small steps, gradual and has no goal |
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| series of intermediate types of plants/animals that fill the fossil record |
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| different alleles of genes in populations |
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| visible genetic variation |
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Natural selection experiment
-guppies: killifish prey on small guppies thus guppies are larger at maturity.
-pike-cichild preys on large guppies, so guppies are smaller at maturity
-when guppies from pick-cichild pool were put into the killifish pool, the age/size increased |
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| Lamarck's theory of Evolution |
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theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
-mechanisms he proposed are unsupported by evidence |
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developed paleontology, study of fossils
-noted that more recent strata contained organisms more similar to the ones living today
-opposed idea of gradual evolutionary change and instead advocated catastrophism |
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unchecked population growth leads to an exhaustion of resources, so only the best-adapted survive
-resources grow arithmetically, populations grow exponentially with populations ultimately outstripping their resources |
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| profound change can take place through cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes |
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| same geographical processes are operating today as in the past |
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| reproductive success of an individual |
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| a heritable change that becomes common or pervasive in a population or species because it increases fitness |
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| observations and deductive reasoning for evolution |
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1. for any species, population sizes would increase exponentially if all individuals born reproduced successfully
2. populations tend to be stable in size
3.resources are limited
4.members of a population vary extensively in their characteristics
5. much of this variation is heritable |
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| similarity resulting from common ancestry |
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