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Definition
| in transcription, the non-template strand; has the same sequence as the mRNA |
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| enzyme that catalyzes transcription; can unwind DNA strands; mechanism similar to DNA polymerase; has NO proofreading mechanism, so errors occur (due to high mRNA turnover, error in one copy doesnt matter) |
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| Relieve positive supercoiling in front of bubbble and negative supercoiling behind it |
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| part of RNA Polymerase; able to initiate the chain, interact with regulatory proteins and interact with upstream promoter elements |
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| subunit of RNA Polymerase that is able to identify the promoter region; released from the holoenzyme after initiation occurs; without it, polymerase will initiate randomly |
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| subunit of RNA Polymerase whose function is unknown |
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| subunit of DNA Polymerase that is responsible for chain initiation and elongation |
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| subunit of DNA Polymerase that binds DNA |
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| RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme (11) |
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Definition
| The composite of all the subunits of DNA Polymerase: α, σ, ω, β, β' |
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| B. Subtilis phase SP01 (11) |
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Definition
| makes its own σ factor which directs host RNA Polymerase to transcribe phage genes |
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Definition
| Sigma factor that E. coli makes in response to heat shock; directs RNA Polymerase to transcribe genes that can respond to high temperatures |
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| recognizes the region from -10 to -35 (before the promoter) |
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| upstream element; from -40 to -60; not well conserved; very AT rich |
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| rather conserved, -10 region |
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Definition
| not every gene has this sequence,but it is the most common nucleotides found at that position in the sequence; evolutionary pressure exists for this sequence to be maintained; proteins need to interact with these regions |
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Term
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Definition
| an experiment that will identify a sequence in DNA where a protein binds; match the gel up with what we know about the promoter region: RNA Polymerase binds to the UP element (-40 to -60)and also the more conserved region (~-3 to -35)which spans both the -35 region and -10 region |
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Definition
| built in the promoter by blocking access of RNA Polymerase to the promoter in a region by repressor proteins |
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Definition
| a wayin which RNA Polymerase interation with the promoter is enhanced by interation with activator proteins |
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Definition
| site is comprised of an inverted repeat, followed by an AT rich region; the inverted repeat can form a GC rich hairpin; the following sequence is AT rich; the formation of the RNA/RNA hairpin (stable) competes with the DNA/RNA hybrid, causing the transcription bubble to shrink; b/c the region after the hairpin is AT rich, it is unstable; RNA Pol senses the instability and releases the mRNA transcript |
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Term
| ρ-dependent termination (11) |
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Definition
| ρ is a heximetric RNA/DNA helicase that binds to a C-rich, single-stranded region called the rut site, activiting ATPase activity which terminates transcription by displacing RNA Pol |
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Definition
| group of genes necessary for interacting with lactose; consists of lacz,lacy and laca; upstream is the lac repressor |
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Definition
| makes β-galactosidase in the cell, which changes the lactose bond between the two sugar rings to form allolactose |
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Definition
| gene for the lac repressor; shuts down lac operon in the absence of an inducer; in the presence of an inducer (β-galactosidase), the inducer binds the lac repressor to prevent the repressor from binding |
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Definition
| palindromic DNA sequence; lac operon has three: O1,O2,O3; lac repressor can bind to each, highest affinity for O1; |
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Definition
| an analog of allolactose that is used in the lab to induce expression of the operon |
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| Repression of metabolic operons of secondary sugars; glucose can shut down the utilization of any other sugar source |
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Definition
| catabolite activater protein; can be activated by cAMP only when glucose levels are low; stabilizes the binding of RNA Pol to the lac operon |
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Definition
| encodes for enzymes that synthesize tryptophan; in the presence of a lot of tryptophan, you don't not want to express this operon. |
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