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Definition
| that of the avant-garde, the upper class, the 'high society' -- classical music, art etc [gourmet meal] |
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| cultural products ofeten transmitted from one generation to the next -- crafts, food, Shaped and passed on naturally by people |
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| continuation of folk culture but mass produced by commercial enterprises -- audience becomes consumers rather than active participants learning their culture artifacts. Fiske - commercially produced and marketed entertainments and commodities |
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| culture provided for the people as well as being authentic culture of the people creatively and resistantly. Too general a term [complexities of social and cultural life] |
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| construct their cultural lives from a range of different cultural resources, traditions, and practices (not just consumers but what is the outcome of participation) [Mahan] |
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Bible: Infallible, inerrant, direct dictation
Authority: Monarchical model; Sacred/scripture
Interpretation: Literal - strict |
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Bible: Sole authority; Word of God - Pointer to God; God Written
Authority: Monarchical model; Sacred/scripture
Interpretation: Literal - soft. Take things at face value, but somethings can be read as symbolic of the perception of the author |
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Bible: Word of God; Human Document; Cultural Document
Authority: Dialogical model; Sacred/scripture
Interpretation: Multiple meaning; religious meaning |
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| Borg's Cultural Thinker/ Outsider |
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Definition
Bible: Classic; Human Document; Cultural Document
Authority: No authority
Interpretation: Interpreted culturally |
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| What questions do we ask of the text? |
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| What do we know about the creator of the 'text'? |
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| Ethnographic/audience reception approach |
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Definition
| how is the 'text' appropriated and interpreted by an audience? |
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-Collections of Jewish and Christian writings
_200 BCE-200 CE
_Significant number of documents produced that used symbolic and pictorial language to reveal the future of the cosmos
-Shaped by 2 key influences:
_Past-Exilic Prophecy
_Manic Wisdom |
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Term
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-Development of exilic and post-Exilic prophetic material
-Shift from current historical situation to universal, cosmic view (hope)
-Occupation by continuing series of oppressive foreign powers
-Classical prophecy was seen as ceasing
_Ezekiel and Isaiah eschatologies unfulfilled
_Apocalypticists interpreted past prophecies in light of the present |
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Definition
-Comes from the interpretations of dreams, vision, omens, oracles and astrology (ex: Daniel 5, Genesis 41)
-Diaspora Judaism influenced by Persian and Hellenistic environments
_concepts and literary form |
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Definition
1. The author is unnamed (might use the name of someone else)
2. Visionary Format (revelation received in dreams or visions)
3. Historical perspective and trajectory (commentary on contemporary situation)
4. Obscure or mysterious character
5. Underground or resistance literature (response to oppression, provides hope)
6. Call to ethical action (repent and live righteously) |
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| Theological characteristics |
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Definition
1. No orthodox or common trajectory (lots of different ways as to how history will end)
2. Dualistic (radical break between "this age" and "the age to come", different from the prophets - history as continuous)
3. Pessimism vs. Hope (the present is given over to evil, the future is a time of goodness)
4. God is in control
5. The climax of the end of the world is near
6. Supernatural and cosmic dimension
7. Redefining existing meanings |
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| Biblical Apocalyptic Material |
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Definition
-Hebrew Scriptures (Daniel, Zechariah 12-14, Joel 3:9-17)
-Apocrypha / Inter-testamental writings (Book of Enoch)
-Christian Writings (Mark 13, Matt 24, 2 Thess, Book of Revelation) |
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Definition
-Written: Late first century, Emperor Domitian
-Author: John of Patmos
-Audience: Addressed to seven Christian communities in Asia Minor; Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea
ALSO - Look at Lecture 11 slides 19- |
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Term
| Borg's two ways of reading Revelation |
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Definition
1. The Futurist Interpretation
-A trustworthy account of the future
-Borg links it to a particular 'millennial' view
-Functions to give hope
2. The Past-Historical Interpretation
-Can only be read in it's historical context
-Christ is Lord, not Caesar
-God will act soon to bring relief from oppression
-Therefore, persevere and take hope |
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Amillennialism
(One of three main interpretations) |
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Definition
-Thousand year rule to be taken symbolically
-Traditional historic position within the christian church |
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Postmillennialism
(One of three main interpretations) |
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Definition
-Thousand year rule is established through the gospel transforming society before the return of Christ
-Positive/Optimistic |
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Premillennialism
(One of three main interpretations) |
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Definition
-Thousand earthy year rule by Jesus Christ with the saints
-Pessimistic - things will get worse before Christ returns |
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Term
| Pretribulationists premillennialism |
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Definition
-Thousand year rule occurs here on earth after Christ's reutn after a period of tribulation
-True believers are removed "the Rapture"
-Very pessimistic - things must get worse... |
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Definition
Wrestling with evil in the everyday
-Pslams & Wisdom literature |
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| What was the point of Jesus' suffering? |
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Definition
Raises all sorts of questions explored through history
--Did God will this extreme suffering?
--What sort of God would want such a thing?
--Did Jesus understand this? If so, why did he cry "My God My God why have you forsaken me?" |
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Why did Jesus Die?
(Historical Jesus approach) |
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Definition
| Interplay between Jewish authorities and Roman authorities - no place for a trouble-maker |
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Why did Jesus die?
(Jesus of faith approach (Canonical Jesus)) |
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| God willed the death of the Beloved Son as a way of reconciling humanity and the wider world to God. |
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Where was Jesus during the silence?
(Historical Approach) |
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Where was Jesus during the silence?
(Theological Approach, though with foundation in the Gospels) |
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