Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This was a period of time from creation up until right before the call of Abraham from God. This includes the stories of Creation, Adam & Eve, Cain & Able, Noah, and the Tower of Babel. Some stories, such as creation and Noah, are similar in theme to stories of many Near-Eastern cultures.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This was a period of time from Abraham’s call from God up until Joseph reunites with Jacob in Egypt. This includes the stories of Abraham & Sarah, Lot & his family, Hagar & Ishmael, Sodom & Gomorrah, Abraham & Isaac, Isaac’s Sons Esau & Jacob, Stealing Isaac’s Blessing, Jacob & Leah, Jacob & Rachael, Story of Dinah, and Joseph the Dreamer. These stories from the basic foundation for the nation of Israel, for Israel was another name Jacob went by and the tribes were made up of his children’s families.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This was a period of time from when the Israelites entered Egypt up until the time of Moses. Not much is mentioned in the Bible about this time except that Joseph had gained a seat of power in Egypt and had brought his family in to create a safe haven for them. It is also noted that Joseph had Jacob’s remains buried in Canaan, which is where Joseph and his brothers grew up.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was a period of time from the Israelite’s entrance into the Promised Land up until Saul’s Kingdom. This includes the stories of Othinel, Ehud, Deborah & Barak, Gideon, Defeat of Abimelech, Jephtath, and Samson. Most of which rose up, by God’s calling, to lead the Israelites in their campaign to take over the Promised Land. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was a period of time from Saul’s Kingdom until the death of Solomon. This includes the stories of Samuel, Saul, David, and Solomon. These books chronicle the times when Israel gained their first kings and how the kings changed the history of the nation. This period also chronicles the epitome of Israeli Kings, David, of which most authors in the Old Testament hold as the greatest king of them all. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was a period of time from Solomon’s death up until the exile of Judah to Babylon. This includes the stories of Elijah & Elisha, the Kings of Israel, the Kings of Judah, the fall of Israel, the fall of Judah, Jeremiah, Isaiah and some of the Twelve Prophets. This was a time when the Israelites started to drift from God, and God punished them for it. The majority of the kings in the two kingdoms, Israel in the North and Judah in the South, were evil and idolaters. The ending judgment would be both kingdoms going into exile. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a period of time from Judah’s Exile up through just before the return of the Israelites to Judah. This includes the stories of Ezekiel, Daniel, Isaiah, and Jeremiah. This is a long, dark period of time in which the Israelite people slowly assimilate into Babylonian society. Yet this is also a period of time in which the Israelite people come closer to God, for they realize the prophets were right all along. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a short period of time after Persia takes over Babylon and the Israelites are offered to return to Judah and rebuild. This includes the stories of Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. These stories talk of the Israelites struggles as some of them, for many had grown comfortable in Babylon, returned to rebuild Jerusalem. These books also chronicle the good relations between the Israelites and Persia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brother and spokesperson of Moses, was from the tribe of Levi. He spoke for Moses and even aided in delivering some of the plagues onto Egypt. He is also responsible for the Golden Calf incident at Mt. Sinai. Just like Moses, he too was not allowed to enter the Promised Land and died before the Israelites made it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Originally called Abram, hailed from the city of Ur. He was the first person after the flood to receive the calling of God. His name was changed to Abraham and he set out for a land promised by God, Canaan. His wife could not bear him a child, so he had a child with her servant Hagar and he was named Ishmael. His wife grew jealous of Hagar and Ishmael so she had them sent away from their household. God makes a covenant with Abraham to make his people a mighty people and promised them the lands of Canaan, as long as they worship him and remain in his favor. After years of trying, and in old age, his elderly wife Sarah bears him a son he names Isaac. God asks Abraham to sacrifice his only son to him. As he is about to kill him on the altar God sends an angle to stop him and gives him a goat to offer up instead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Third eldest son of David and is responsible for the murder of David’s eldest son Amnon. Amnon also lead a revolt against his father in an attempt to take over the throne of Israel. He lost, after taking Jerusalem, to David’s forces and he was killed after getting his hair caught in an oak tree. David had a monument built for him because of David’s overwhelming grief. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A poem where the first letter of a defined theme, paragraph, sentence, line, ect. Spells out a word that ties together the entire poem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was the first human and first man who was created in the image of God. Given dominion over the Earth and all the animals that lived in it. Given Eve as his wife, she was created from his own rib. He fell to temptation and fell from the grace of God and was exiled from the Garden of Eden. He was also cursed into heavy work and toil to get food and provide for his family, it is because of his original sin that mankind is sinful in nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A renowned and wicked king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and during his reign Elijah was an active prophet. On countless occasion Elijah reprimanded Ahab and told him what he was doing was wicked and sinful and would be the downfall of Isreal, but Ahab did not listen. Elijah even prophesized Ahab’s death, which came true when Ahab fell in a battle against the Assyrians. As he died dogs licked his wounds, just as Elijah had said would happen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Early on, it was the official language of administration in the Middle East, while Sumerian was the language used in literature. It is also the basis for the language of the Assyrians and the Babylonians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minor prophet and suspected author of the Book of Amos. He preached of Israel’s destruction and his message was unheeded due to the country being in a time or political prosperity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giving human characteristics to non-human beings and concepts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A poem in which the first line contrasts and states the opposite of the second line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Books of the Bible that were added into the Roman Catholic and Eastern versions of the Old Testament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aramaic idiom in a different language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Widely used language in the Mesopotamian area back during Ancient Israeli times. Was mainly used during the Exilic Period in Babylon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was a sacred vessel that contained the tablet on which the Ten Commandments were written, Aaron’s rod, and some Manna. These items were considered sacred and were created at Mt. Sinai. Only Levites could handle the Ark and when it was paraded it would be 2000 cubits in front of the Israelites and their army. Those who were not Levites that touched the sacred Ark would die on the spot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| She was an Akkadian Goddess of which the people of Judah fell into Idol worship and claiming her to be a consort of God. Jeremiah rebuked the people of Judah for their worship of her. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Empire that grew out of the northwestern portion of Mesopotamia and soon took over the majority of the Middle East. They are responsible for exiling the ten northern tribes of Israel in 772B.C. They fell to the Babylonians, at the battle of Nineveh in 612B.C. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Canaanite god who the Israelites tended to fall into idol worship of on countless occasions throughout the divided monarchies, and even during the era of Solomon. Their worship of this specific idol eventually led to their demise at the hands of the Assyrians and Babylonians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Canaanite god who the Israelites tended to fall into idol worship of on countless occasions throughout the divided monarchies, and even during the era of Solomon. Their worship of this specific idol eventually led to their demise at the hands of the Assyrians and Babylonians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means “Baal, Lord of the Flies” in Hebrew and was originally an insult thrown to the local nations that worshiped Baal, commonly an insult used by prophets. This name was later formed into Beelzebub, which became another name for Satan or a lesser demon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Empire that took over the one set up by the Assyrians and continued to spread its influence outside of the Middle East. They are responsible for sending the people of Judah into exile in 586B.C. This was due to Judah being critical territory in the war between Egypt and Babylon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as the Pentateuch or the Law of Moses or the Torah, it is the first five books of the Old Testament in the Bible. It tells the stories of creation up through entering the Promised Land. It also lists many additions to the common law that all Israelites knew. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are areas of life in which the Covenant Law can be applied, they are also special case scenarios and are widely seen in the Book of Leviticus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a false god worshiped by the Moabites, who was introduced to the kingdom through Solomon through one of his wives. The acts of worshiping Chemosh were abolished during the reign of Josiah, who was one of the several good kings of Judah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of parallelism where the first half of a unit is paralleled in the second half of a unit, usually in a letter or poem form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Came from the original Prophets with a common theme of addressing all of the Israelites of their sin and of God’s impending wraith if they did not change. They call the people to repentance and preach of God’s salvation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A promise between two individuals or groups, in which they swore to uphold their end of the promise or face death. God establishes a one-sided covenant with Abraham to give his people land and have Abraham father many nations. In particular Israel, through the line of Isaac son of Abraham, would be the one God continues to make and expand upon covenants with. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Latin for “Creation from Nothing” this is the basic idea that before God made the Earth there was nothing at all and that God created the Earth out of nothing at all. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sumerian developed writing that utilized wedge shapes to form words. Became the starting point of written Assyrian and Babylonian documents and literature during the Divided Kingdom, and was in wide use in Judah and Israel at this time as well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as Cyrus II or Cyrus the Great started the Persian Empire and took down the Babylonian Empire. He is also responsible for returning the people of Judah to the Promised Land an allowing them to start rebuilding the temple, though this was halted due to being told that the Jews would revolt yet they did not. He is also known for allowing Religious freedom in his empire as well as brining many reforms to the empire the Babylonians held. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a young boy during the Babylonian Exile, grew up to become a member of the Babylonian King’s court by using his power of interpreting dreams. This ability saved Daniel, and the Jews, on various occasions. Daniel also make predictions of the future and of the end of the world, the end of the world is also noted in Revelation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Second King of Israel, originally a Shepard boy from the tribe of Judah who was born and raised in Bethlehem. He is called one of the greatest kings of Israel, even though he had some faults. He was the predecessor of King Saul, of the tribe of Benjamin, and was chosen over Saul because Saul had broken Covenant law and fallen from God’s grace. Is known for slaying Goliath, and being a musician, for he wrote many of the Psalms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a foretold day of God’s Judgment against mankind, it includes his judgment of non believers, cleansing of his people, and the Salvation of his people. Countless prophets speak of this day, and the Book of Revelation in the New Testament specifically is all about this day. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oldest documentations of the Hebrew Bible found, they verify the validity of a majority f the books and of how they have not changed in content since the post-exilic era. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fourth Judge of Israel, and the only female judge, she is known for being a prophetess who foretold the victory of Barak, and Israeli commander, over the Canaanites. This battle brought about forty years of peace to Israel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for the Ten Commandments, given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Believed to have written Isaiah 40 to 66, this is a common belief due to the late exilic time frame the chapters give off and the style change in the writing. Also the subject matter drastically changes to the freedom of Judah instead of the impending doom of Judah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Historical biblical texts, which take strong influences from the Book of Deuteronomy. These include Joshua, Judges, I&II Samuel, and I&II Kings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that the Modern Pentateuch is made up of four original documents, or four original edits of the Pentateuch that have been added on too up through the post-exilic era in Judah’s history. |
|
|
