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| United to divided kingdoms |
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| Divided kingdoms to Exile |
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| Rebuilding the temple and people |
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| Rebuilding the walls and people |
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| To chronicle the descent of the kingdom of Israel from the height of its glory to its sudden division into two kingdoms - Israel (the Northern Kingdom) and Judah (the Southern Kingdom) - and their subsequent decline. Its history covers the years of 970-850 BC. Of particular emphasis is the ministry of the prophets and Israel's rejection of the Word of God. |
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| To chronicle God's judgment on the kingdoms of Israel and Judah for their disobedience to His Word. The judgment is vividly displayed by the exile and captivity of these two kingdoms: the northern kingdom (Israel), exiled into Assyrian captivity in 722 BC(Chapter 17), the southern kingdom (Judah), exiled into Babylonian captivity in 586 BC (Chapter 25). 2 Kings covers 850-538 BC. Of particular emphasis is the ministry of the prophets and Israel's rejection of the Word of God. |
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| To provide a priestly perspective on the reign of David to Jews who had returned from the exile, reminding them of the Davidic Covenant and their spiritual heritage, and to exhort them to covenant faithfulness. |
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| To provide a priestly perspective on the reign of the kings of Judah, reminding Jews who had returned from exile about God's faithfulness to the Davidic Covenant, despite the nation's disobedience and resulting judgment. It covers the time from the death of David (971 BC) to the return from Babylon (538 BC). |
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| To highlight God's faithfulness as seen in the return of the Jews from exile in Babylon to Jerusalem, the reconstruction of the temple, and the spiritual reform of the people. |
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| To chronicle the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem and the spiritual reform of the people under the godly leaderships of Nehemiah as governor and Ezra as priest, and to show the faithful "good hand of God" in the lives of his people despite opposition. |
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| To display God's ongoing, providential preservation of His chosen people, even while in exile, in light of the Serpent's continuing effort to annihilate the line through Gentile persecution. |
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| 1 & 2 Kings author and date |
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| 1 & 2 Kings were written originally as one book, during the exile by an anonymous prophet between 561-538 BC |
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1. The united kingdom under Solomon (1-11)
2. The divided kingdom under many kings (12-22) |
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1. Israel Falls (1-17)
2. Judah Falls (18-25) |
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1. The line of David (1-9)
2. The reign of Saul (10)
3. The reign of David (11-29) |
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1. Reign of Solomon (1-9)
2. Reigns of Judah's Kings (10-36) |
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| 1 & 2 Chronicles author and date |
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| According to strong Jewish tradition, Ezra is the author. 1 & 2 Chronicles were composed originally as one book, likely around 450 BC |
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| 1 & 2 Kings, but deal exclusively with the southern kingdom, Judah. |
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1. The First Return and Reconstruction under Zerubbabel (1-6)
2. The Second Return and Reform under Ezra (7-10) |
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1. Nehemiah's first term as governor (1-12)
2. Nehemiah's second term as governor (13) |
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1. The Threat of the Jews (1-4)
2. The Triumph of the Jews (5-10) |
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| Most likely Ezra the priest, who would have written this book around the middle of the 5th century BC, in the decades after the second return from Persia in 458 BC |
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| Most likely Ezra the priest, sometime during or after Nehemiah’s second term as governor, no later than 400 BC |
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| Unknown. Written around the mid-5th century BC, after Ahasuerus’ reign. |
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| The events fit between Ezra chapter 6 & 7 |
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| Together with Malachi, the book is the last of the OT canonical writings in terms of historical events and time of writing |
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| opening words of Ezra 1 parallel the closing words of 2 Chronicles 36 |
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