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Before 400 bc
400 bc - ad 135
135-1000
1000-1524/25
1524/25 - pres |
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| Talmudic/Masoretic period |
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| Outside evidence - support preservation? |
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| Mss evidence support Masoretic tradition? |
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| Scribes alter consonantal text? |
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| Hand copying maintain text til printed? |
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| Cons text in printed form remain unaltered? |
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Oral: Talmudic era
Written: Masoretic era |
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Parva
Magna
Finalis (concordance) |
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Change early script to square
Spelling changes
Scroll forms changed |
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Judean desert manuscripts: few Biblical
60% Qumran text matches MT
60% Wadi mur text matches MT
Great care taken to accurately copy |
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Masorah, Kethib/Qere
Extensive copying rules
Textual indicators, accents
3 schools: all same cons text |
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Aleppo, Leningrad codices
Cairo codex: oldest dated Heb book
Sasoon 1053: whole OT
>3k medieval mss w/few or no diffs! |
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Bologna Pentateuch
Soncino Bb
1st & 2nd Rabbinic Bbs
Jacob Ben Chayyim
Daniel Bomberg
Kittel edns |
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| Solved pointing problem in printing |
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1st time Qere printed
1st time to divide Samuel, Kings |
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1st time Masorah printed
Editio princeps |
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1st time apparatus added
Extra notes to printed text |
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Bilingual: parallel columns
No apparatus |
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| Kittel edns with no apparatus |
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| 1905, 1912 Biblia Hebraica |
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Term
1st Kittel edn based on Leningrad codex
2-part critical apparatus |
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Kittel edn from Leningrad codex
SINGLE apparatus |
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| Current project based on Aleppo codex |
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Supposed truly critical text
Presupposition of unbelief |
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Current bilingual project
Puts Qere in text |
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| New Jewish Publication Society Tanakh |
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| Why not oral transmission |
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Definition
Writing systems as early as 3000 bc
Early alphabets
Writing matls widely available
Ancient Israel literate: schools, bulae
Literate vocabulary in Bb
Kings, priests, parents, street kid described as writing |
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| Inscription at end of book w/publishing info |
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| Combo of variant readings |
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| Hard matl used to write on |
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| Storage room for damaged or defective docs |
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| Supposed early revision of Septuagint |
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| Helping consonants that stand for vowels |
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| Broken pottery used to write on |
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| Erased and rewritten manuscripts |
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| Writing with no breaks between words |
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| OT in Aramaic, much paraphrase |
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| Abstract archetype orig Heb text |
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| Supposed reconstructed Heb text behind ancient translations |
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