Term
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Definition
Conducted by vessels of countries that are party to a fisheries organization but which
¨Operate in violation of its rules
¨Operate in a country’s waters without permission
¨Operate on the high seas without showing a flag or other markings
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Term
| What is Unreported, Unregulated Fishing? |
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Definition
Unreported:
¨Misreported
and underreported catches
FA0, 2001)
Unregulated:
Vessels flying the flag of countries that are not parties of or participants in relevant fisheries organizations |
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Term
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Definition
¨Estimated worldwide value of IUU catches US$4-9 billion annually (11-26 mil tons)
(Sumaila et. al., 2006)
¨Undermines sustainable management
¨ Impacts food security
¨Erodes socio-economic opportunities
¨Penalizes cmpliant fishers when stocks decrease
depletion of dish stocks
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Term
| South Africa Hout bay fishing |
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Definition
¨Hout Bay Fishing (May, 2001)
¨Illegal harvesting of coast rock lobster and other fishes
¨10 month investigation
¨HBF fined US$ 6.6 mil, forfeit of vessel, equipment and fish in South Africa
¨About US$170,000 for bribery of fisheries inspectors
¨Directors of HBF- fined US$7.4 mil and 88mnths jail term in USA
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Term
| South Africa Abalone Fisheries |
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Definition
¨Poaching of sublegal size
abalone (shell width-114mm,
shell length- 144mm)
¨Targeting of shallow water
populations due to easy
accessibility (Tarr, 2000)
¨Impact on egg production
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Term
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Definition
¨David McNab + U.S.A Lobster Customers (Nov, 2003)
¨Illegal harvest and importation of Caribbean spiny lobster tails into U.S.A.
¨Harvest of undersized lobsters
¨Harvest of egg-bearing lobsters and shrimps during closed seasons
¨Lobster parts with eggs attached were clipped off
¨Investigation headed by U.S.A. NOAA
¨No violation of Lacey Act by McNab
¨Defendants sentenced to a total of 121 months imprisonment
¨Illegal fishing reduced spiny lobster fishery in the Carribean between 1995- 2000
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Term
| Action taken in carribean |
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Definition
¨Adoption of FAO codes by CRFM
¨Adoption of IPOA-IUU
¨High Sea Fishing Act which mandates licensing of high seas vessels
¨Compliance with RFMO regulations
¨Strengthening authority to de-register vessels
¨ IPOA-IUU - voluntary instrument listing measures that countries should adopt depending on the nature of their fisheries in order to eliminate IUU fishing
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Term
| results of actions taken in carribean |
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Definition
¨No substantial success on fisheries despite
actions taken by CRFM
¨Reasons
vLimited financial resources
§Few patrols and surveillance
vCorruption by fisheries officers
vWeak laws to effectively deter IUU fishing
vWeak laws not enforced
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Term
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Definition
decline in sharks and reefs
trochus
sea cucumber
¨Australian customs
¨2005-13,018 illegal fishing vessels were sighted in Australian waters
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¨Only 600 were apprehended
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¨Destruction of wooden boat due to unidentified marine growth
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¨Warning shot by Australian customs to apprehend illegal fishers
¨Profit of Australian fisheries will double by 2020 if IUU fishing ceased by 2007
¨Management policies in place will lead to an estimated 95% of total marine catches within A-EEZ
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Term
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Definition
¨Use of weapons
¨Jamming spikes at inspectors attempting to board vessels
Pit bull dogs on board the vessels |
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Term
| intenarional level actions taken |
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Definition
¨LOSC
¨UNCED
¨APEC
¨APEC Fisheries Working Group
¨FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries
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Term
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Definition
¨AFMA- deter and apprehend illegal foreign fishing activity within the AFZ
¨Amendment of fisheries laws to make enforcement and surveillance of foreign fishing more effective
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Term
| Discussion and Future Directions: challenges |
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Definition
•Ineffective implementation of policies
•Lack of voluntary compliance
¨Development of a global database on fishing vessels and activities
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¨Global violations and prosecutions database
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¨Strengthening of international and regional FRMOs
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Term
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Definition
Unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or wildlife or plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States or in violation of any Indian tribal law whether in interstate or foreign commerce.
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