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| geologist that published Principles of Geology, and explained that processes occurring now have shaped earths geological features over time |
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| an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment |
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| inherited characteristic that increases chance of survival |
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| Individuals that are better suited in their environment and have higher fitness |
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| process by which individuals with higher fitness survive and reproduce more successfully |
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| when humans choose variations to their liking to reproduce those traits through the generations |
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| relative frequency: number of times allele occurs in a gene pool compared to all the other allele occurrences |
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| structures that perform the same function and look the same but evolved seperately |
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| when a new species is created |
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| when individuals at one end of the the curve have higher fitness than at the middle or other end |
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| members of 2 different species cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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body of water and mountains, or rivers
do not guaruntee formation of new species |
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| single gene trait and evolution |
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| natural selection on single gene trait change allele frequencies which leads to evolution: allele could disappear from pool completely |
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| when individuals in the center of the curve have a higher fitness than individuals at either end: like baby weight |
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| combine genetic information f all members of a population |
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| Polygenic traits and evolution |
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| natural selection effects distributions of phenotypes of polygenic traits: using directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection |
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random changing in allele frequency
:in small population, allele leaves more descendents, so overtime allele becomes common |
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| organs with no known function |
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| over time, an organism that changes traits or characteristics according to its surroundings |
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| history, origin, and evolution of a set of organisms, usually of a species |
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| Hierarchy of Organisms (Classification) |
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| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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| process where scientists classify organisms and assign each one a universally accepted name. usually using 2 words to describe |
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| disease causing agents of bacteria: damae infecte organism by breaking them down for food or releasing toxins |
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| Male part of the flower, consisting of the anther and filament, makes pollen grains. |
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| makes pollen part of stamen |
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Often sticky top of carpel, serves as a receptive surface for pollen grains.
aka attracts pollen using sticky thing |
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| female part of plant which contains stigma, style and ovary |
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| The stalk of a carpel, between the stigma and the ovary, through which the pollen tube grows |
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| Enlarged base of the carpel containing the ovule or ovules. The ovary matures to become a fruit. |
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| located in ovary, contains female gametes |
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| part of flower baring the floral organs at bottom of flower |
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| leaf like structure at base: protects the young budding flower |
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| slime mold, ameoba, paramecium, giant kelp |
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| helps it survive extreme conditions. formed when bacterium produces thick internal wall that encloses DNA and portion of cytoplasm. remains dormant until favorable growth conditions |
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virus= much smaller, 20-200 nanograms
bacteria= 1000 nanograms |
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| How do viruses Replicate? |
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Definition
Lysogenic Cycle, and Lytic Cycle
Lytic= hot cells and hypnotises to produce new
Lysogenic= remains inactive and implants DNA into virus after it replicates |
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Definition
| virus enters cell, makes copes of itself, and causes cell to burst |
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| embeds its DNA into DNA of host cell and is replicated along with host cells DNA |
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| Characteristics of Viruses |
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Definition
| differ in structure , no ribosomes or other cytoplasmic structures to carry out genetic instructions |
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| release antibodies in order to kill off virus: some viruses have morphed to not fit antibodies |
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