Term
|
Definition
benign plaques of epidermis, beige to brown/black; 3-20 mm; velvety or warty; non-cancerous growths of the epidermis; are rapidly growing skin cells that mix with oil and produce a raised (papule or plaque )
- Stuck or pasted onto skin; scale; m/c chest or back
- Extremely common, esp. elderly
- May resemble melanoma
- Generally asx
- Tx only if bothersome (liquid N, curettage, shave bx)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- AKA polyp
- Overgrowth of skin cells
- Genetically related
- Are very common. Affect 25 % of population
- Found in skin folds such as neck
- Commonly seen in overweight individuals
|
|
|
Term
| Skin Tags: Signs and Symptoms |
|
Definition
- Soft, skin colored, brown or tan, round, pedunculated papule
- Constricted at base
- Asymptomatic, unless it gets caught on clothes or jewelry
- Most common on neck
- Commonly seen in intertriginous(fold) areas
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Scissor Excision
- Cryosurgery
- Electrodessication - burning the base, to kill the blood supply
- No treatment is necessary. Only if becomes a problem for patient
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Scar tissue
- Very common, hard round pink or brown nodule, usually occurring on the extremities
-
- Been there for many years
- “Dimple Sign” - push the sides together will cause an indentation in the middle
-
- Scar tissue is deeper than what you see
- Probably caused by minor trauma or bug bite or shaving
-
- But not sure about exact cause
- Women> Men
- May be tender
- Pts are worried about these!
-
- Looks different than others but not a big deal
|
|
|
Term
| Dermatofibromas: Diagnosis & Treatment |
|
Definition
- Physical Exam
- Discrete, firm, pink papules
- Look for dimpling or puckering of the lesion
- Has persisted for many years without change
- Treatment
- Kenalog injections (steroids) - ?
- Shave biopsy - ?
- Full excision
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Benign neoplasm of fat cells
- Are generally asymptomatic
-
- Unless develops around nerve root
- Round, moveable and soft
- May sometimes occur in area of constant irritation (ie belt line)
- Complete excision if becomes bothersome
-
- Large , so when removed will see indent
- Lipoma vs Cyst
-
- Lipomas are soft
- Cyst will have a punctate and are hard
|
|
|
Term
| Epidermal Inclusion Cysts |
|
Definition
- AKA Sebaceous cyst
- Oil producing gland gets clogged and fills with sebum and keratin
- May get infected or rupture
- Round, hard, mobile papule, nodule
- Overlying punctum
- Malodorous
|
|
|
Term
| Epidermal Inclusion Cysts : Treatment |
|
Definition
-
- If the lesion is non inflamed
- Do excision
- I & D can lead to return of EIC
- If inflamed
- I & D
- Intralesional steroid
- Topical and Oral Antibiotics – if infected
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Single or multiple scaly lesions on sun exposed skin of adults
- AKA pre skin cancers
- Have potential to become Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Term
| Actinic Keratosis: Signs and Symptoms |
|
Definition
- Generally appear on ears, nose, face, back of hands
- Feel like sand paper
- Pink scale
- Some spots may be tender.
- History is of scaly spot that comes and goes
- If people have one, they will generally develop more.
|
|
|
Term
| Actinic Keratosis: Treatment |
|
Definition
- Liquid nitrogen
- 5-Fluorouracil Cream (ie Effudex, Carac)
-
- Causes irritation,
- Will bring up the pre skin cancers that havent been brought up yet
- Other creams; Picato (ingenol mebutate) Soloraze (diclofenac sodium), Aldara (imiquimod) for areas with numerous AK’s
- Electrodessication & Curettage
- Shave biopsy
-
- Hard to differentiate a Actinic Keratosis and pre-skin cancer spot
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Melanocytic Nevus
- Halo Nevus
- Congential Nevus
- Blue Nevus
- Atypical or Dysplastic Nevus
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Normal mole
- Small, well circumscribed, with a well defined border
- May be flat or elevated
- Single shade of pigment from beige or pink to dark brown
- Junctional nevus
-
- Moles at junction of epidermis and dermis
- Often appear at a very early age
- Compound nevus
-
- Moles can get bigger and get a dermal component
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- An ordinary common nevus with a hypo-pigmented “halo” around it
- Occurs when the immune cells (which normally fight off infection) attack a mole for reasons unknown
- Will generally undergo spontaneous involution
- May be associated with vitiligo
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A Nevus that is present at or near birth and remain throughout life
- Generally are large
- Many are associated with hair growth
- Risk of developing into melanoma
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Dark blue to black sharply defined papule
- Deeper pigment due to large amounts of melanin pigment within the deeper dermis.
- Commonly seen in Asian decent
- If it is a new lesion, should be evaluated to rule
|
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic Nevus or Atypical Nevus |
|
Definition
- Moles with an abnormality that can transform to a melanoma
- Tend to be larger than .5 cm with ill defined borders and irregular pigmentation
- Risk factors
-
- Many moles on the body
- Family history of melanoma
- Other documented dysplastic nevi
- Fair skin
- History of sun exposure
- Increase risk of melanoma
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Seborrheic Keratosis
- Skin tags
- Dermatofibromas
- Lipomas
- Epidermal inclusion cysts
- Actinic Keratoses
- Nevi
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- BCC
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Malignant Melanoma
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Most common type of skin cancer
- Grows at a very slow rate
- Locally invasive and destructive, but rarely metastasizes
- Malignancy from epidermal basal cells
- Etiology and Epidemiology of BCC
-
- Most often > 50 y/o
- Caucasian
- Fair skinned with light hair and light eyes
- Develop after years of extensive sun exposure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Generally asymptomatic
- May bleed, become crusty, ulcerate
- Generally small, shiny, “pearly” papule. Usually will see telangiectasia
- On the back and chest – may be red and shiny
- Located most frequently on face, ears, dorsum of hands
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- First do shave or punch biopsy
- When confirm diagnosis
-
- Excision
- Electrodessication and curettage (NOT on FACE)
- When basal cell is superficial or when pt. is older
- MOHS surgery
- All day procedure
- Tissue sparing - just takes the skin cancer cells
- Most common esp when face or back of hand
- Topical immune modulators for superficial BCC
- Radiotherapy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Malignant tumor of keratinizing epidermal cells that builds up over time
- May arise from actinic keratosis
- Can destroy normal tissue and has the potential to metastasize
- Can see in pts s/p organ transplants
|
|
|
Term
| Squamous Cell Carcinom: S&S |
|
Definition
- Generally asymptomatic
- Pink papule or plaque with thick scale Generally with erosion or ulceration
- Sun exposed areas (ie face, ears, lips, back of hands)
|
|
|
Term
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma : treatment |
|
Definition
- Excision
- Electrodessication and curettage (not on face)
- MOHS surgery
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Malignancy of melanocytes
- Most serious form of skin cancer
- Frequently metastasize to regional lymph nodes, lung, liver or the brain
- Features of Melanoma
-
- A – asymmetry
- B – border
- C – color
- D- diameter
- E - evolution
- Females- most common on legs
- Males – most common on upper back
- If a mole, itches, burns, bleeds or changes in anyway, a biopsy needs to be done
- “Ugly duckling sign”
- One abnormal mole compared to the rest of the moles of the body
|
|
|
Term
| Malignant Melanoma: Risk factors |
|
Definition
- Fair Skin - m.c
-
- Can develop with any skin
- Atypical nevi in sun exposed and sun protected areas
-
- Fair skin - more sun exposed
- Darker skin - sun protected areas such as heel of foot
- PMH of Melanoma
- Hx of blistering sunburn
|
|
|
Term
| Malignant Melanoma: Prognosis |
|
Definition
- Tumor thickness is single most important prognostic factor
- A melanoma within epidermis holds a good prognosis *
- A melanoma on extremity has more favorable prognosis than those found on head, neck *
- Tumor thickness is most important
|
|
|
Term
| Malignant Melanoma: Treatment |
|
Definition
- EARLY detection
- Wide excision
-
- Do not want to do a shave biopsy
- Cutting through the depth of the melanoma
- Do excisional or punch biopsy
- Get it of the whole lesion in order to get the whole depth
- Surgical Oncologist (Sentinel LN biopsy)
- Chest x-ray
- CBC, Liver function
- Frequent skin exams
|
|
|
