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Beh. Psyc
Chapters 1 and 2
36
Psychology
12th Grade
09/10/2012

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Term
placebo
Definition
a "medicine that has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestion
Term
Double blind study
Definition
a study during which neither participants nor researchers know to which group any subject belongs
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a statement of the results that the experimenter expects
Term
subjects
Definition
people or animals on whom the experiment is conducted.
Term
variables
Definition
factors that change in an experiment is conducted
Term
independent variable
Definition
the factor that the experimenter manipulates or chantes in a study
Term
dependent variable
Definition
the factors in a study that changes or varies as a result of changes in the independent variable
Term
field experiments
Definition
research that takes place outside the laboratory
Term
experimental group
Definition
the group on which the critical part of the experiment is performed
Term
control group
Definition
the group that does not participate in the critical part of the experiment
Term
survey
Definition
a method of research using question on feelings, opinions, or behavior patterns
Term
sample
Definition
a group that represents a larger group
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
a research method that involves studying subjects without their being aware that they are being watched
Term
interview
Definition
a research method that involves studying people face to face and asking questions
Term
case study method
Definition
research that collects lengthy, detailed information about a person's background, usually for psychological treatment
Term
psychological tests
Definition
observation and measurement of the subject using objective measures (as opposed to an interview)
Term
cross sectional method
Definition
a method of research that looks at different ago groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span
Term
longitudinal method
Definition
a method of research that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time
Term
psychology
Definition
the scientific study of the behavior of humans and animals
Term
theory
Definition
general framework for scientific study smaller aspects can be tested
Term
research psychologists
Definition
those who study the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviors
Term
applied psychologists
Definition
those who make direct use of the findings of research psychologists; deal directly with clients
Term
introspection
Definition
the process of looking into yourself and describing what is there
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
In 1859 he suggested that animal and humans had evolved and changes. He started the concept of relating animal and human behaviors.
Term
William Wundt
Definition
(1832-1920) Called "Father of Psychology" because he started the first laboratory for studying humans
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
(1856-1939) An Austrian physician, developed a theory of personalities. He thought that our personalities were influenced by things we are not aware of. Things that happen during childhood can explain our personalities in adulthood.
Term
William James
Definition
(1842-1910) Philosopher and Harvard professor. He studied how humans function and how they adapt to their environment. He believed that everyone perceives and reacts to the world differently.
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
(1878-1958) American psychologists that studied the human emotion and behaviorism and how we associate it with experiences.
Term
eclecticism
Definition
The process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems.
Term
neurobiological approach
Definition
Viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology.
Term
behavioral approach
Definition
Viewing behavior as the product of learning and associations.
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
(1904-1990) He believed that we are mechanically controlled by the environment and that we become what the environment wants us to be come, example good or bad. The idea that we are robots and really don't have a choice.
Term
humanistic approach
Definition
believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
a system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces
Term
cognitive approach
Definition
Emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics.
Term
Sociocultural approach
Definition
Behavior viewed as strongly influences by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures.
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