Term
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Definition
| Changing light, sound, chemical, and other forms of energy into neural impulses |
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Term
| Doctrine of specific nerve energies |
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Definition
-In effect at the final destination; brain sums all of the incoming signals and forms a sensory experience
-Any stimulation of the optic nerve (physical, etc.) will result in a visual percept |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by the wavelength of light; perceived as color |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by the intensity (or amplitude) of the wavelength |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by the purity of the wavelength (more pure = more saturation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cooperative movement of the eyes, ensuring the image of an object falls on identical portions of both retinas |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid, jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea |
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Term
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Definition
| Photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of membrane containing photopigments; found in the rods and cones |
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Term
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Definition
| Opsin (a protein) and retinal (a lipid) |
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Term
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Definition
| A particular opsin found in rods (rod opsin + retinal) |
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Term
| Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) |
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Definition
| A group of cell bodies located in the thalamus; receives inputs from the retina and passes to the primary visual cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner two layers of the LGN; transmits info involved in perception of form, movement, depth, and brightness to layer 4c alpha of the visual cortex (primarily involves rods) |
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Term
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Definition
| Four outer layers in the LGN; transmits info important for perception of color and fine details to layer 4c beta of the visual cortex (primarily involves cones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Found ventral to magnocellular and parvocellular layers; transmits info from "blue" (short-wavelength) cones to layers 2 & 3 of the visual cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross-shaped connection b/t the optic nerves, located below the base of the brain, anterior to the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Horizontal fissure on the inner surface of the posterior cerebral cortex; location of primary visual (striate) cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of the visual field in which the presentation of visual stimuli will produce an alteration in the firing rate of a particular neuron |
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Term
| Neural circuity in the retina |
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Definition
| Light produces hyperpolarization in the photoreceptor, resulting in depolarization of bipolar cell, resulting in increased glumate release, which ultimately activates the ganglion cell |
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Term
| Trichromatic color coding |
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Definition
| There are three different types of cones in the reinta, each responding to a different color wavelength (blue, green, and red) |
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Term
| Opponent-process color coding |
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Definition
| ON and OFF ganglion cells sensitive to color (blue/yellow, red/green) |
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Term
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Definition
| Respond best to orientation in a center-surround fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| Respond best to lines of a specific orientation moving within the receptive field |
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Term
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Definition
| Respond best to orientation, but also to length of line; they detect ends of lines |
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Term
| Cytochrome oxidase (CO) blob |
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Definition
| Central region of a module of the primary visual cortex, revealed by a stain for CO, containing wavelength-sensitive neurons; part of the parvocellular system |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a particular neuron receives more input from one eye than from the other |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of visual association cortex that receives fibers from the striate cortex and superior colliculi; projects to inferior temporal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in the perception of spatial location; begins w/ striate cortex and ends with posterior parietal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in the perception of form; begins w/ striate cortex and ends w/ inferior temporal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest level of ventral stream; involved in perception of objects, including bodies and faces |
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Term
| Posterior parietal cortex |
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Definition
| Highest level of the dorsal stream; involved in perception of movement and spatial location |
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Term
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Definition
| The relatively constant appearance of colors of objects viewed under varying lighting conditions |
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Term
| Lateral occipital complex (LOC) |
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Definition
| A region of the extrastriate cortex, involved in perception of objects OTHER than bodies and faces |
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Term
| Intraparietal sulcus (IPS) |
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Definition
| End of dorsal stream; involved in perception of location, visual attention, and control of eye/hand movements |
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