Term
What kind of study compares a group of people with a disease to a group without it?
What kind of study compares a group of people with an EXPOSURE to a group of people that haven't been exposed? |
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Definition
case control study
cohort study |
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Term
| What study looks at the frequency of a disease of a group of people? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is it called when you compare the rate of a certain disease in monozygotic twins versus dizigotic twins to determine heritability? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is a clinical study of the highest quality? |
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Definition
| when it is randomized, controlled and double-blinded |
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Term
| What are the different phases of clinical studies? |
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Definition
phase 1 - healthy volunteers to assess risk (small #), phase 2 - people w disease to assess risk (small #),
phase 3 - large number of pts comparing to best current tx
phase 4 - after approved looking for rare side effects |
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Term
What is the formula for sensitivity?
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Definition
TP/TP + FN (the amount of times disease is correctly identified - rules out)
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Term
| What is the formula for specificity? |
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Definition
| TN / TN + FP (the ability to detect health when the patient is actually healthy - rules in) |
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Term
| What is the acronym for sensitivity and specificity? |
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Definition
| SNOUT and SPIN - sensitivity rules out, specificity rules in |
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Term
| What is the positive predictive value? |
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Definition
| proportion of positive tests that are actually positive (TP/ TP + FP) |
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Term
| What is the negative predictive value? |
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Definition
| TN / TN + FN (the percentage of negative tests that are actually negative) |
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Term
| What are prevalence and incidence? |
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Definition
prevalence - total cases in a population at a given time / total population
incidence - total new cases in a population at a given time/ total population at risk
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Term
| What is the difference between random error and systematic error? |
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Definition
random error - your not precise, systematic error - consistent but not accurate
precise = consistent, so you can be consistently wrong :) |
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Term
| What is the power of a study? |
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Definition
| the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis (you say there's a difference and there really is) |
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Term
| If you have the same standard deviation but increase your sample size you can still decrease the standard error of your mean... t/f? |
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Definition
| true - SEM = sigma/ (sq root (sample size)) |
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Term
| What's important about the confidence interval? |
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Definition
| if the confidence interval of two different groups overlaps then there is not a significant difference between them |
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Term
| What are the T test, ANOVA and chi-square tests? |
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Definition
| t test - compares the mean of 2 groups, ANOVA - compares the mean of 3 or more groups, chi square - compares 2+ percentages/proportions |
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Term
| What value should r be close to in order to say tehre's a correlation btw 2 variables? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the leading causes of death by age group? |
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Definition
| <1yo - congenital abnormalities, 1-24 is injuries, 24-65 is cancer, 65+ heart disease |
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Term
| What are the different parts of medicaire? |
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Definition
| part a = inpatient, skilled nursing and home/hospice care, part b - outpatient care, doctor's office, PT/IT, part c - combination of A and B, part D - stand alone prescription drug coverage |
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Term
| What things count as two points on the APGAR score? |
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Definition
| whole body pink, > 100/min HR, grimace + cough, activity good, regular respiration |
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Term
| What counts as a low birth weight? |
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Definition
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