Term
| What are some advantages of working in a group? |
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Definition
-Opportunity to study varying opinions,
-Examine ideas more fully before executing them,
-Idea must have majorities approval before a group will put it into action
-Will have greater commitment to the dicisions reached |
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of working in a group? |
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Definition
-Group dicision making can take much longer
-Accommodating multible viewpoints can be a lengthy, intricate process
-Member sacrifice some amount of individuality in order to coompromise
-People may fail to analyse idesa before accepting them, in a phenomenon known as "groupthink" |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Overview of the study. |
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Definition
-1938
- Ron Lippitt and Robert Whit conducted a study known as "Leadership and Group Life" under the supervision of Kurt Lewin.
-The study involved directing 3 different types of comparable groups of children in constructing crafts projects under 3 different types of leadership. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Visionary |
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Definition
-Positive style
-These leaders articulate where a group is going, but not how it will get there- liberating people to innovate, experiment, and take calculated risks. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Affiliative |
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Definition
-Positive style
-These leaders establish a friendly enviroment and nurture individual relationships with the people they lead. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Democratic |
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Definition
-Positve style
-These leader solicit input from employees, and encourage them to influence the group's direction.
-communicate and listen effectively |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Coaching |
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Definition
-Positive style
-These leaders excel at delegating constructively.
-Coaching leaders establish rapport and trust; they communicate a genuine interest in their people, rather than seeing them as a means to an end.
-They help people identify their unique strengths and weaknesses. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Commanding |
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Definition
-Negative style
-These leaders demand compliance with orders, and do not offer any explanation
-Performance feedback emphasizes what was done wrong, not what was done right. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Leadership styles outlined- Pacesetting |
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Definition
-negative style
-These leaders hold high standards for employee performance, and exhibits them as well.
-They greatly emphasize efficiency and improvement.
-May single out poor performers, demand more from them, and take over their roles if they fail to adequately improve. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Results found- Democratically governed |
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Definition
-morale was high, relationships between members were friendly, as well as between the members and the group leader.
-When the leader left the room, the group demostrated independent effort-
-Quality of work was considered higher
-Individual self-cofidence was rasied |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Results found- Authoritatively governed |
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Definition
-2 types of behavior emerged.
1) Aggressive children were rebellious and demanded constant attention from the leader. They also placed blame on other group members whenever things went wrong
2)Apathtetic children demanded less of the group leader and remained less critical.
-Group productivity was higher than the rest, but the quality was not considered as good. |
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Term
| Lewin, Lippitt, & White study: Results found- laissez-faire |
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Definition
- this enviroment had the worst effect.
-Productivity was very low, as well as the quality of the works.
-Group satisfaction was the the lowest.
-they cooperated little, demanded a lot of the leader, and showed little ability to accomplish anything with direction
-hostility was widespread.
- and status was coveted. |
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