Term
I got a negative result on my HIV test. Am I really HIV negative?
The value that indicates this probability is:
Prevlance affects this value in what manner?
The formula for this value is: |
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Definition
Negative Predictive Value
True negatives out of all negative test results.
LOWER when prevalence of disease is high.
d/(c+d)
[image] |
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Term
My HIV test was positive. Do I really have HIV?
The value that indicates this probability is:
It is higher when prevalence of disease is ____.
The formula for this value is: |
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Definition
Positive Predictive Value
Proportion of all positive tests that are truly positive.
HIGHER when the prevalence is high.
a/(a+b)
[image] |
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Term
Odds Ratios are used in ____ studies.
They approximate relative risk if disease prevalence is __.
The formula for Odds Ratio is___. |
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Definition
case-control studies
low
a/b
c/d
(odds of having disease in exposed group/odds of having disease in non exposed group)
[image] |
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Term
Relative risk is used in ____ studies.
The formula for relative risk is _____. |
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Definition
Cohort studies
a/(a+b)
c/(c+d)
[image] |
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Term
This value indicates whether a test will detect a disease when it is present.
A value of 1 or 100% indicates___.
A test with a high number for this value is useful for ___. |
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Definition
sensitivity
No false negatives, i.e. no one with the disease will be undetected
screening |
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Term
Specificity is:
A value of 1 or 100% would indicate:
A test with a high specificity would be used for:
The formula (s) for specificity is/are: |
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Definition
Ability of a test to indicate when a person does not have a disease.
Low false positive rate
Confirmatory testing
d/(b+d)
1-false positive rate
[image]
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Term
| The formula (s) for sensitivity is/are___. |
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Definition
a/(a+c)
1-false negative rate
[image]
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Term
When the mean is greater than the median and/or mode the distribution has a ____.
This looks like ____.
What value would better measure central tendency in this case? |
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Definition
Positive skew.
[image]
The median.
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Term
When the mode and median are greater than the mean the distribution has a ___.
It looks like ____.
A better measure of central tendency in this case would be ___. |
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Definition
Negative skew
[image]
the median. |
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Term
| What central tendency measure is least affected by outliers in the data? |
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Definition
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Term
This error is when you find a difference that does not exist, aka you reject the null hypothesis.
This value represence the proability of this error. |
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Definition
Type 1 error or α
p value |
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Term
| This type of error is when you "miss" a difference that exists, aka you did not reject the null hypothesis but should have. |
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Definition
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Term
The formula for power is____.
Power is the porbability of_____.
It depends on 3 things: |
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Definition
1-β
rejecting the null hypothesis when you should because it is false (ability to detect a difference if it's present)
1. number of end points (n)
2. difference in compliance between treatment groups (differences in the means)
3. Size of the expected effect (detecting a greater effect requires more power, such as a drug produces an increase in 20 years of life vs increase in 1 year of life) |
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Term
The formula for standard error of the mean (SEM) is:
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Definition
SEM=standard deviation (σ)
√sample size (n)
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Term
The formula for confidence interval is:
It indicates:
When used for a mean, if it crosses 0 this indicates:
When used for RR or OR, if it crosses 1 this indicates |
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Definition
mean-Z(SEM) to mean + Z(SEM)
Z = 2 for 95% CI
=3 for 99% CI
CI indicates how confident you are the true mean lies within the value you obtained in your study.
For both- that null hypothesis cannot be rejected- groups not significantly different. |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
3 months |
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Definition
rolls over
laughs/squeals
places hands together
no self care |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
6 months |
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Definition
sits up
single syllables
can pass a cube to you
can self feed |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
9 months
(1 only)
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Definition
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Term
Developmental Milestones
1 year |
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Definition
stands/walks
1-3 words
can put a cube into a cup
drinks from a cup |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
15 months |
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Definition
walk backwards, run
six words
can build 2 cube tower
can use a fork and spoon |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
18 months |
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Definition
climbs stairs
combines words
can build 4 cube tower
brushes teeth with help |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
2 years |
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Definition
jumps up
somewhat understandable
can build a six cube tower
washes and dries hands |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
3 years |
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Definition
jumps forward
understandable
can copy a circle and a dash
makes own cereal, dresses self, plays board games |
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Term
Developmental Milestones
4 years |
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Definition
hops on 1 foot
imaginary friends
copies cross, stick figure
can button
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Term
Developmental Milestones
5 years |
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Definition
Can tie shoes
Can count coins
Can identify colors
Can copy a square, triangle
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Term
| Age of gender identity and and toilet training |
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Definition
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