Term
| What are the 3 stages of parturition? |
|
Definition
-Uterine Contractions
-Passing of the fetus
-Expulsion of the placenta |
|
|
Term
| How long does labor last? |
|
Definition
| Normally no longer than 24 hours, but CAN be up to 72 |
|
|
Term
| With new moms, what is it important to prevent her from doing? |
|
Definition
| Prevent her from crushing or stepping on pup. |
|
|
Term
| Why would assisting the pup out of the membrane once born be normal parturition behavior? |
|
Definition
| Licking the membrane off allows pup to breath |
|
|
Term
| Should the mother chew the umbilical chord? |
|
Definition
| Yes, but it sometimes breaks on its own |
|
|
Term
| What does licking the pup clean do? |
|
Definition
| Helps the pup to start breathing on its own and establishes a bond between the mom and pup |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important that the mother lets the pup nurse? |
|
Definition
| Nursing is important to assess pup's reflexes. If pup wont nurse, there is something wrong |
|
|
Term
| What do we consider "poor nursing care"? |
|
Definition
-not interested in pups
-aggressive towards pups
-Accidentally injures pups (MOST COMMON) |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 medical problems you can see with nursing? |
|
Definition
-Insufficient Milk
-Eclampsia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased calcium levels in blood (hypocalcinemia) |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of eclampsia? |
|
Definition
-Panting
-Twitching
-Convulsing |
|
|
Term
| When would you normally see eclampsia? |
|
Definition
| After the mom has been nursing for a while |
|
|
Term
| When is the neonatal stage in behavioral development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will you begin to see in the neonatal stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some reflex behaviors? (5) |
|
Definition
-rooting
-righting
-seeking heat
-sucking
-anogenital stimulation (butt licking) |
|
|
Term
| Why is heat seeking an extremely important reflex behavior in pups? |
|
Definition
| Hypothermia is the biggest killer in young pups. |
|
|
Term
| When is the transitional stage of behavior development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What behaviors do we see in the transitional stage? |
|
Definition
-Rapid sensory and motor maturation (eyes open during this stage)
-Pups stand and follow mom
-Distress call if separated
-Can nurse standing |
|
|
Term
| When is the socialization stage/. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What behaviors do we see in the socialization stage? |
|
Definition
-Play behavior
-Bite inhibition
-Hierarchy begins
-Mom regurgitates food for pups
-Pups carry objects
-Poop and pee away from the nest (start house breaking now!) |
|
|
Term
| Why is the socialization period important in the relationship with people? |
|
Definition
| If not well socialized, the dog will become fearful |
|
|
Term
| When is the fear imprint period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the imprint period significant to behavior and veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
-This is when the pup is first seen by the vet
-If frightened during this period it will probably stay with the dog for life |
|
|
Term
| Why do breeders use a puppy aptitude test? |
|
Definition
| To match pups up with new owners. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 important things to remember to prevent problems with behavior? |
|
Definition
-Housebreaking procedures
-establishing dominance
-proper "socialization"
-training the puppy |
|
|
Term
| When should you start training a new puppy? |
|
Definition
| When it arrives with the new owner |
|
|
Term
| When is the juvenile period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What behaviors occur in the juvenile period? |
|
Definition
-Physical growth
-Much learning occurs
-Sexual behavior may appear
-Marking behavior develops |
|
|
Term
| When are dogs considered adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What behaviors do you see in the adult phase? |
|
Definition
-When some problems first appear
- |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 options you have to confront behavior problems? |
|
Definition
-Tolerate
-Train
-Find a new home
-Euthanize |
|
|
Term
| What percent of vet cases are behavior problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What behavior problems are most commonly referred to specialists for? |
|
Definition
-Aggression
-Inappropriate elimination
-Destructive behavior
-Unruliness
-Barking
-Phobias |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common reason dogs are relinquished? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 reasons dogs are less likely to be given up? |
|
Definition
-If theyve been neutered
-If theyve had obedience training |
|
|
Term
| Why do we train our dogs? |
|
Definition
| We want them to be well mannered |
|
|
Term
| How often should you train your dog? |
|
Definition
| 20 minutes max. 3-4 times a day |
|
|
Term
| Are larger or smaller training classes better? Why? |
|
Definition
| Smaller. More individual attention |
|
|
Term
| Why should you not use choke collars for early/young training? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should leashes be while training? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is a gentle leader indicated? |
|
Definition
-When dog is out of control
-When dog resists collar |
|
|
Term
| What is positive reinforcement? |
|
Definition
| A reward that the dog likes at the time of good behavior. Repetition is important |
|
|
Term
| What does the term Bridge mean? |
|
Definition
| An event marker, something between the behavior and the reward. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a bridge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is negative reinforcement? |
|
Definition
-applying an aversive stimuli
-stop when desired behavior is seen |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of negative reinforcement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Applying an aversive stimuli immediately after an unwanted behavior. TIMING IS EVERYTHING |
|
|
Term
| What are some possible aversive acts? |
|
Definition
-spray bottle
-rolled towel
-sound
-odor
-shock |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ways to get a behavior you want? |
|
Definition
-Wait for it-Reward response
-Motivate-use treats or lures
-Force-manipulate dog |
|
|
Term
| How should you correct mouthing behavior? |
|
Definition
-teach dog to settle down
-stroke around mouth (negative mark if dog bites on hand)
-Change environment and repeat |
|
|
Term
| How do you correct dog putting unwanted stuff in its mouth? |
|
Definition
| -Teach dog to take things when you say so. Stay-take it |
|
|
Term
| Why should you never call your dog, then punish it? |
|
Definition
| Will teach dog to ignore name |
|
|
Term
| What becomes of an unwanted behavior if you ignore it? |
|
Definition
-Extinction
-Behavior may stop on its own when there is no reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is important to remember when correcting an unwanted behavior? |
|
Definition
| -Behavior must be corrected EVERY TIME. Make sure every member in the household treats the behavior in the same way |
|
|
Term
| What is a quick, 3-part way to stop unwanted behavior? |
|
Definition
| Distract-Interrupt-Redirect |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to train incompatible behavior? |
|
Definition
Example: When dog is sitting, he can't jump. Teach to sit when he normally would jump
-Also counter conditioning |
|
|
Term
| How much of a vets time do behavior problems take up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it helpful to do in-house behavioral histories? |
|
Definition
| Because then you can see the family and environment dog has been living in |
|
|
Term
| What is the behavioral history required for? |
|
Definition
-To determine problem
-To identify stimulus |
|
|
Term
| What should background history on behavior include? |
|
Definition
-Where owner got the pet.
-age
-diet
-what other pets and people live in the house
-prior experience
-if there are any health concerns |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common behavior problem in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How may types of aggression are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can only one type be present? |
|
Definition
| no, it may be a combination of 2 or more |
|
|
Term
| Where is most canine aggression directed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of dog aggression is second to human aggression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is agonistic behavior? |
|
Definition
| A range of activities associated with aggressive encounters |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of agnostic behavior? |
|
Definition
-threat
-attack
-appeasement
-retreat
-freezing and hard stare (often unnoticed) |
|
|
Term
| What is the number one kid health problem, seen by doctors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some behaviors that should be displayed around dogs? |
|
Definition
-Do not approach unfamiliar dogs
-Dont run from dog or scream
-If knocked over, curl into a ball
-Avoid direct eye contact
-Dont pet a dog without letting him see/sniff you |
|
|
Term
| Where do most dog bites occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 common triggers for dog bites? |
|
Definition
-resource guarding
-discipline |
|
|
Term
| Where on the body are most dog attacks directed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is common in dogs that attack children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are female or male dogs more likely to bite? |
|
Definition
| Males are 6.2X more likely to bite |
|
|
Term
| Are intact or altered dogs more likely to bite? |
|
Definition
| Intact dogs are 2.6 X more likeyly to bite |
|
|
Term
| Are chained or unchained dogs more likely to bite? |
|
Definition
| Chained dogs are 2.8X more likely to bite |
|
|
Term
| Name the types of aggression (13) |
|
Definition
-Dominance
-Fear induced
-Competitive
-Territorial
-Intermale
-Redirected
-Play
-Protective
-LEarned
-Medical
-Predatory
-Maternal
-Interfemale |
|
|
Term
| What is the ladder of aggression? |
|
Definition
| How a dog reacts to stress levels |
|
|
Term
| What are the levels of the ladder of aggression? |
|
Definition
As stress increases, aggression gets worse.
Growling-Snapping-Biting |
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions is euthanasia if you have an aggressive dog? |
|
Definition
-Readily aggressive to benign dominance challenges
-weighs more that 18.2 Kg
-Unpredictable attack
-Dog was purchased |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 type of aggression seen by behavioral specialists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In who do we see dominance aggression in most frequently? |
|
Definition
| Intact males 18-24 months of age |
|
|
Term
| What are some important points to note about treatment of dominance aggression? |
|
Definition
-may be dangerous to treat
-Owner must understand treatment
-Avoid aggressive situations |
|
|
Term
| What are some possible treatments for aggression? |
|
Definition
-Castration
-Obedience
-Halter
-Behavior modification
-Prevent dominant behavior
-Meds |
|
|
Term
| What is fear induced aggression? |
|
Definition
-A response to people
-Fear postures seen
-Snap, growl, attempt escape |
|
|
Term
| Why would fear aggression be self reinforcing? |
|
Definition
-"If I get away, I'm not scared anymore"
-"If I bite him, he'll go away" |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat fear induced aggression? |
|
Definition
| -Desensitization and counter conditioning. |
|
|
Term
| Define predatory aggression |
|
Definition
| A natural instinct that can be seen in any age, sex, or breed of dog directed towards other animals or people |
|
|
Term
| fatal attacks are often due to what type of aggression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is commonly displayed by the dog when predatory aggression is present? |
|
Definition
| Chasing fast moving things |
|
|
Term
| In what cases is infant aggression at increased risk? |
|
Definition
-predatory aggression seen
-aggression towards kids
-aggression towards adults |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes for medically related aggression? |
|
Definition
-idiosyncratic
-hormone imbalance
-irritable *most common
-Hypothyroidism
-Hydrocephalic
-Rabies |
|
|
Term
| Are most behavior problems normal behaviors?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does treatment of behavior problems require? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do we not use drugs to solve behavior issues that often? |
|
Definition
| If drugs are all the owners are willing to use, the behavior will come back after time |
|
|
Term
| Is getting another dog a solution? |
|
Definition
| Usually not, more dogs equal more behavior problems |
|
|
Term
| Why do we need a behavioral history? |
|
Definition
-To Identify the problem
-To identify the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A behavior modification plan |
|
|
Term
| What is important to inform the clients when presenting a BMP? |
|
Definition
-Need to know their perception of dogs' behavior
-They need to understand why it is incorrect and understand how they are rewarding the wrong things |
|
|
Term
| Why do we need to do physical exams on behavioral cases? |
|
Definition
| -Need to rule out disease |
|
|
Term
| How can you prevent excessive barking in dogs? |
|
Definition
| Can train to alarm bark (or bark on command). Do not reward excess barking. |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 important things to remember about punishment? |
|
Definition
-Best if remote
-Be CONSISTENT
-Punish immediately when behavior starts |
|
|
Term
| What is a novel stimulus? |
|
Definition
| something that isn't normally there, like a special toy or sound |
|
|
Term
| What could excessive barking control be due to? |
|
Definition
| Could be part of a phobia |
|
|
Term
| What is the last resort for barking control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could eliminating in the house be due to? |
|
Definition
-a house breaking issue
-a medical problem
-"separation" anxiety
-Male marking behavior
-Dominance behavior |
|
|
Term
| How can we prevent male marking behavior? |
|
Definition
-keep dog on leash
-time correction
-use odor neutralizers |
|
|
Term
| What happens if housebreaking is unsuccessful? |
|
Definition
| Often owners will turn dog loose or give away |
|
|
Term
| What is submissive urination? |
|
Definition
| A behavior that starts when dog is a puppy, normally will urinate when greeting a dominant animal. Often will outgrow, especially if ignored |
|
|
Term
| What should you avoid when trying to prevent submissive urination? |
|
Definition
-Avoid dominant gestures like leaning over pup
-Countercondition. Distract puppy
-Don't excite the puppy |
|
|
Term
| When do owners commonly see destructive behavior? |
|
Definition
| When they are away from the dog |
|
|
Term
| What are some destructive acts we commonly see? |
|
Definition
-Chewing
-Digging
-Knocking objects over
-Getting into trash
-Pooping on owners things
-Stealing |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 causes of destructive behavior? |
|
Definition
-Lack of training
-Boredom (no psychological enrichment)
-Separation anxiety
-Overabundance of energy
-Unknown |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 things to consider when treating destructive behavior? |
|
Definition
-Keep dog away from your things
-Dont leave unreliable dog unattended |
|
|
Term
| What specific things can you do to treat destructive behavior? |
|
Definition
-basic obedience training
-actively interact with dog (15 min/day)
-exercise dog
-may need planned departures
-reward when being good |
|
|
Term
| Why do dogs present digging behavior? |
|
Definition
-to escape
-boredom
-tension relief
-cooling holes
-nesting
-to get at prey
-allelomimetic |
|
|
Term
| What does allelomimetic mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are treatments for digging behavior? |
|
Definition
-bring dog inside
-actively interact
-dont allow out unattended
limit access to sacred areas
-put food/water where digging |
|
|
Term
| What do owners typically do unknowingly when dog displays attention getting behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 6 attention getting behaviors? |
|
Definition
-Vomiting
-Anorexia
-Coughing
-Lameness
-Nosing
-Barking |
|
|
Term
| When is attention seeking behavior not seen? |
|
Definition
| When no one is there to reward it |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat attention getting behavior? |
|
Definition
-Must convince owner that no medical problem exists
-stop all reinforcement-ignore-behavior will get worse before better
-Reward when not showing the behavior
-Remote punishment |
|
|
Term
| How do you ignore the dog? |
|
Definition
-No eye contact
-No touching dog
-No talking to dog
-Turn/look away when behavior starts
-Reward when all 4 feet are on the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When a dog is abnormally active
-uncontrollable and aggressive |
|
|
Term
| In what age animals do we diagnose hyperkinesis in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do doctors diagnose hyperkinesis? |
|
Definition
-take animal to a quiet room and get the HR and RR
-administer dexedrine
-Recheck HR and RR. If they have decreased, hyperkinesis is present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Speed" it works in the opposite way for hyperkinetic animals |
|
|
Term
| how is escaping self reinforcing? |
|
Definition
| Every time dog successfully gets out, it is rewarding itself |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to "shape and escape artist"? |
|
Definition
| Gradually increasing the fence heights for example. Instead of going from 4 to 5o to 6 feet etc. Should have gone from 4 to 10, to deter dog from climbing |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 reasons dogs escape? |
|
Definition
-Females in heat
-Males seeking females in heat
-Boredom
-Barrier frustration
-Seeks something outside |
|
|
Term
| How can we preventatively treat escaping? |
|
Definition
-make enclosure escape proof
-provide dog with yard activity
-Reward when good
-Remove dog from enclosure for training or prey
-REmote punishment (electric fence)
-Neutering |
|
|
Term
| In a dogs eyes, what are the rewards of roaming behavior? |
|
Definition
-mates
-food
-prey
-adventure |
|
|
Term
| Why is roaming a particular risky behavior? |
|
Definition
| May result in injury or death |
|
|
Term
| What can we do to treat roaming? |
|
Definition
-Castration
-prevent outside food source
-inform people dog roams to to use remote punishment |
|
|
Term
| what are some disadvantages to the invisible fence? |
|
Definition
-Other animals may still enter the yard
-If dog is motivated enough, it may cross (and then may not cross back over into yard) |
|
|
Term
| What does chasing behavior often result in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the easiest treatment of chase behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anticipation of danger from the unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consciously recognized external threat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistent, excessive, and irrational fears |
|
|
Term
| Between anxiety, fear, and phobia, which are normal behaviors? |
|
Definition
| Anxiety and fear are both normal behaviors |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of anxiety? |
|
Definition
-ears back
-panting
-licking lips
-trembling
-yawning
-pacing |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of fear? |
|
Definition
-tail tucked
-avoidance
-crying
-shaking
-escaping
-aggression |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of phobia? |
|
Definition
| -overreation resulting in injury and destruction |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of fear? |
|
Definition
-Learned (from a traumatic event_
-Restricted of early experience
-may have genetic disposition |
|
|
Term
| What can fear behavior result in? |
|
Definition
-Injury to dog
-Damage to property
-Upset owners
-Owner pet bond damaged
-Rehoming
Euthanasia |
|
|
Term
| What is separation anxiety? |
|
Definition
| The fear of being left alone. An abnormal, phobic behavior |
|
|
Term
| Is separation anxiety commonly referred to specialists? |
|
Definition
| Yes, second most common referral |
|
|
Term
| When are signs of separation anxiety seen? |
|
Definition
| Within 15 minutes of owner departure |
|
|
Term
| What behaviors do we see with separation anxiety? |
|
Definition
-Barking
-Destructive behavior
-Elimination |
|
|
Term
| What are some therapies to separation anxiety? |
|
Definition
-Provide novel stimulus
-Give interactive toy when leave
-Avoid emotional leavings and returns
-may need meds
-crate may help |
|
|
Term
| What can you do to treat the fear? |
|
Definition
-Eliminate other causes
-Stop punishment on return
-Desensitization
-Counterconditioning |
|
|
Term
| Why is desensitization sometimes not successful? |
|
Definition
| because owners aren't willing to do it |
|
|
Term
| What are drugs approved for separation anxiety? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the full definition of a phobia? |
|
Definition
| Excessive fear associated with a response that is disproportionate to thedanger presented |
|
|
Term
| How can we treat phobias? |
|
Definition
-Identify stimulus
-Desensitization
-counter-conditioning
-drug therapy |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can we use for phobias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are compulsive disorders? |
|
Definition
| actual brain disorder that may be a chemical imbalance |
|
|
Term
| Wha is the definition of a compulsive disorder? |
|
Definition
| Repetitive, ritualistic behavior in excess of those required for normal function |
|
|
Term
| Do you see compulsive behaviors in wild animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are soem compulsive disorders? |
|
Definition
-flank sucking
-fly biting
-tail chasing
-pacing
pica
lick granulomas |
|
|
