Norms(Social)

Rules that regulate social life, explicit and implicit cultural conventions (Operational)

Given social positions that is governed by a set of norms for proper behavior (When priests are homosexual and with hookers they're breaking their roles in society)

Rules that govern behavior of people in a community/society. Set of values/beliefs/customs shared by most members of that community

(classic Experiment) the tendency to obey authority. Authority pressures teachers to punish learners with voltage.

Zimbardo

(Classic Experiment) Role Aceptance. A Standford U. college students take the roles of officer and prisoner. How easily we accept the role that was given

(Classic Experiment) Pressure to comform. A group answers the obvious question wrong and some in the group know they're wrong but they want to conform

Gender Roles

How society expect you to act

in close-knit groups, tendency for all members to think alike and suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony.Symptoms- illusions of invinsibility and unanimty, self-censorship, pressure to conform.

(The Anonymous Crowd) Organized/anonymous groups, tendency of members to avoid taking responsibility for actions/decisions because they assume that someone else will do it.

The Anonymous Crowd Ex:

a community sees a woman being beaten but nobody calls 9-1-1 because they all think someone else will do it.

Groups/crowds, loss of awareness of one's own individuality. ex: uniforms in the military. (The anonymous crowd)

making sense of behavior. people are motivated to explain their own and other peoples behavior by attributing causes if that behavior to a situation or disposition.

Situational (Attribution Theory)

usually used when attributing ourselves. more positive and open-minded view

usually used when attributing other people. more insulting and negative. leads to fundamental error

Fundamental Attribution Error

to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of situation

Prejudice

Unjustified negative/harmful ATTITUDE to an individual based on members in a group

unjustified negative/harmful ACTION toward a member of a group simply becasue they belong to that group

cognitive schema/summary impression of a group, a person believes all members of the group share a common trait (positive, negative, neutral)

Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that persist over time and across situations

Psychodynamic Theories

Behavior is interpreted as the result of the dynamic interply (interneal struggle) amoung motives, drives and needs. (leads to internal conflicts -anxiety. mostly unconscious)

Reason for doing something

state if tension

Needs

State of deprivation

to maximize instinctual gratification while minimizing punishment and guilt

Conscious

awareness of one's environment in the NOW (Sigmund's Level of Consciousness)

Easily acess information in the brain. (Sigmund's Level of Consciousness)

Resevior of unexceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings. Where motivation comes from. Not easily accessable (Sigmund's Level of Consciouness)

Libido

Preservation of life

Thantatos

instinct for death, an aggression.

ID

at birth, represents instinctual drives. in the unconscious. The Pleasure Principle-I Want. (hunger, sex and aggression)

Ego

First year of life. Balances ID's urges with reality. The Reality Principle

Super Ego

state of Conscious. Ego ideal. embodyment of the societies rules ethics and morals. Sets high standards for behavior and monitors the decisions if the Ego. Causes guilt and shame when standards aren't met. The Morality Principle

parts of the body that emit strong pleasure (Psychosexual Stage)

(Psychosexual stage) 0-18 months. Involves the mouth. Ex: sucking, biting and chewing. (chewing gum, and biting on pens are examples of people who have not yet overcome this stage.)

Anal Stage

(Psychosexual stage) 18-36 months. Bowel and bladder elimination. Coping with demands for control.

Phallic(Oedipal) stage

age 3-5. child really likes/wants to marry opposite sex perent and rid same sex parent. Opedipus complex.

positive male to know who to marry and positive female to know how to be marriable.

Castration anxiety

fear of injury/loss on sexual organs. Threat to body image, loss of power

Latency stage

age 6 through puberty. dominant sexual feelings

Gential Stage

maturation of sexual interests. puberty and older

Fixation

partial/complete fault in individual psycosocial sexual stage of development

Anxiety

feeling threatened, overwhelmed feeling out of control. Serves as a signal to the ego that its survival is in jeopardy

Defense Mechanisms

Compensation. to aid the ego in coping with anxiety

objective anxiety

threats from the world/other people that threaten to overpower the ego.

threat that irrational demands of the ID threaten to overwhelm the ego.

Moral Anxiety

threat that the irrational demands of the superego might overcome the ego

pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious. can't easily recount

Models for defining disorders

Mental disorder as a violation of cultral standards.Maladaptive/harmful behavior. Emotional distress

Mental disorder

any behavior/emotional state that causes an individual great suffering/worry. Self-defeating /destructive. Maladaptive and disrupts the person's relationship of the larger community

DSM-IV

Book of mental illnesses. Multiaxial system (1-5)

Axis 1 (DSM-IV)

clinical disorders (mood/anxiety)

personal disorders and mental retardation (borderline personality disorders)

Axis 3 (DSM-IV)

medical conditions that cause mental illness (infectuous/parasitic)

global assesment of functioning (GAF scale) 10= harm to self or others. 20= not so harmful

Generalized Anxiety disorder

unrealived worry for 6months+. occuring more days than not. diffused not specific. (I'm anxious. What are you anxious about? I don't know). Symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, irratability...

min. to hours long panic attack. When having one you KNOW you're going to die. with or without agoraphobia

Fear of fear. Fear of the market place

Social Phobia

intense fear of social situations

Specific Phobia

irrational fear of specific objects/situations. marked and persistant fear that's excessive/unreasonable. Exposure to the object/situation almost invariably evokes the phobic response

People with phobias

realize that the fear is excessive/unreasonable. situation avoided/endured with intense anxiety/distress. interfers with persons functioning

persistent intensions of unwelcome thought, images/impulsse that elicit anxiety

Compulsions (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

irresistable urges to carry out certain acts/rituals that reduce anxiety (but never quite work)

Intrusive (1 of 3 systems Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Avoidance (1 of 3 systems Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

sense of numbness, emotional detachment, deminished involvement with others. can cause amnesia

Hyperarousal (1 of 3 systems Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Always on the alert waiting for something to happen. Suicide risk

Mood

Mood Disorder

type of disorder characterized by diturbances of mood.

Depression

Major Depression Disorder- Mood Disorder

a person alternates between depression and mania. onset- late 20s early 30s.

Mania

Hyper activity and invinsibility

Bi-Polar I

currently/most recent in a hypomanic state. at least one previous manic episode.

recurrent major depressive episode with hypomanic episodes

Personality Disorder

Odd, Eccentric. "magical thinking" odd patterns of behavior, thoughts and actions. Symptoms: paranoia

Chronically suspicious of others. predominately in males. in cluster A.

Schizoid Personality disorder

Schizotypal Personality disorder

variety of odd beliefs and preceptions. (man wraps himself in duck-tape to protect him for the "forces") in Cluster A

dramatic, irrational people. don't care about others. manipulative. impulsivenss lack of caring in social relationships

Antisocial Personality Disorder

(most common) more in men than women. no capacity to feel empathy for others. (will take an old lady's last nickle and not care) in cluster B

Borderline Personality Disorder

more common in women. instability in mood, self concept, interpersonal relationiships. (oh he's the man of my dreams!...I'll never love again!) in cluster B

Histrionic Personality Disorder

flamboyant and dramatic. "Hysteria" more in women. (if you've had a bad day, she's had worse) in cluster B

Narcisitic Personality Disorder

all about self. wouldn't get a chance to talk to them because they talk so much of themselves. (greek myth- seeing the reflection in water. couldn't stop looking at himself and fell in water) in cluster B

Cluster C (Personality Disorder)

anxious and fearful. self doubt.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

wants affection and acceptance but immobilized due to hypersensitivity. "easier to avoid than damage ego." (wants to but can't) in cluster C

Dependent Personality Disorder

can't do anything unless they ask first. an attachment to others. "what should i wear to the party." in cluster C

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder

indirect in communication and actions, communication is one thing, actions another. in cluster C

Dellusion

false belief where there is no factual basis for it

Illusion

miss perception of a real sensation

Hallucination

sensory experience in the absence of actual stimualtion sensation

Acute

short term. not as serious

Chronic

long term, serious (serious mental illnesses)

D.I.D. (Dissociative Identity Disorder)

an individual has been able to create distinct personality's. existance of 2 or more personalities within the same person. Purpose: to protect oneself.