Term
Which of the following scenarios is an example of contextualism?
A. Horace classified certain scenarios and common behaviors as
either examples or non-examples of aggression.
B. Since his first two clients engaged in self-stimulatory behavior,
Andre believed all children with autism did the same.
C. Jacqueline adjusts her elevator speech depending on who she
speaks to. When speaking to new hires, she limits using more
complex ABA terms.
D. Aaron noticed that the record player began playing because he
accidentally bumped the start button with his elbow. |
|
Definition
C. Jacqueline adjusts her elevator speech depending on who
she speaks to. When speaking to new hires, she limits using
more complex ABA terms. |
|
|
Term
When finches are near a potential mate, they begin to
sing. This behavior increases their likelihood of
mating and passing on their genes relative to birds
that sing at inappropriate times or not at all. This
scenario is an example of ____.
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism
C. Social Darwinism
D. Realism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Calvin had a very outdated societal outlook. He
believed all women were over-emotional and
born to be wives and mothers, whereas men
were strong and naturally inclined to be leaders.
This scenario is an example of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a contribution credited to Darwin?
A. Sexual selection does not always produce the
most optimal traits for natural selection
B. The poor and mentally ill should die for the
benefit of a species
C. Individuals within a species are not precisely
identical
D. The traits of a species are not predetermined |
|
Definition
B. The poor and mentally ill should die for the
benefit of a species (“Social Darwinism” was
Herbert Spencer’s idea) |
|
|
Term
A rare genetic mutation resulted in cats being born
without fur. Breeders took notice, bred this cat, and
continued breeding the offspring resulting in today’s
Sphynx cat. The continued breeding of hairless cats
exemplifies _____ phylogenic selection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ASR
Dale reached for the strange device on the
wall and pulled his hand back when he was
shocked. Dale avoided the strange contraption
in the future. This scenario is an example of
______ ontogenic selection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Willis often makes jokes using behavior-analytic
language. He usually avoids making them around
his non-ABA friends, but now that he’s at a
professional conference, he tells many of them.
What is impacting Willis’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SD for
attention around ABA friends, S-Delta for
attention around Non-ABA friends) |
|
|
Term
The last time Marlon checked in with his students
during his lecture, he received immediate positive
feedback. Presently, Marlon checks in with his
students periodically during class. What is impacting
Marlon’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| A. Behavioral history (history of reinforcement) |
|
|
Term
Two neighboring countries on opposite sides of a mountain
range have vastly different cultures. A desert climate and
nomadic traditions characterize the country to the east, while
the country to the west enjoys a lush, temperate climate and a
thriving agricultural industry. What is the source of cultural
variation?
A. The physical environment in which the culture exists
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. The complexity of the cultural organization
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| A. The physical environment in which the culture exists |
|
|
Term
Melanie began working for a closely knit team, a stark
contrast to her previous company. They frequently provided
feedback and kept each other accountable with selfmanagement systems. Soon enough, Melanie followed suit
and provided more feedback to her teammates. What is the
source of cultural variation?
A. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
B. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising
the culture
C. The needs of the culture
D. The complexity of the cultural organization |
|
Definition
B. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals
comprising the culture |
|
|
Term
Rhett warned Link not to take a sip of the drink in front of him.
Link took a sip anyway and started gagging after tasting something
like sour milk. In the future, Link was very cautious of drinks in
front of him and he did not know its contents. This scenario is an
example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| C. Natural ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
With the advent of ride-sharing apps and increased funding for
public transportation in his city, Guillermo noticed that this has led
to changes in how people think about transportation, as more
people rely on ride-sharing services and fewer people own cars.
This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| E. Natural cultural selection |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a contribution credited to
Darwin?
A. Promoted the artificial selection of ideal human
traits
B. Developed the Principles of Inheritance using
peas
C. Introduced the idea that there are genetic
variations between species members
D. Showed genes reside on specific chromosomes |
|
Definition
C. Introduced the idea that there are genetic
variations between species members |
|
|
Term
In medieval Europe, the Catholic Church played a significant role in
regulating marriage and family life. Priests enforced strict rules on
premarital sex and divorce to promote the sanctity of marriage and the
nuclear family. These rules shaped Christians' behavior and influenced
Europe's culture for centuries. This scenario is an example of which type
of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| F. Guided cultural selection |
|
|
Term
Maurice used to throw his trash on the ground without a
second thought, but after his neighbor confronted him about
the littering, he started to dispose of it properly. This scenario
is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| D. Guided ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
After a long workout on an empty stomach,
Wanda gets home and starts eating every snack,
including a protein bar and fruit. What is
impacting Wanda’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
B. Current physiological circumstances (EO
for food) |
|
|
Term
Lela is in the kitchen joking around and swearing
with her sister. Lela looks toward the door and
notices her grandmother walk in. Lela avoids cursing
around her grandmother due to her distaste for it.
What is impacting Lela’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SDP for
grandmother’s attention) |
|
|
Term
In a bustling city, two close neighborhoods share many cultural
similarities. They both have vibrant street markets selling similar
foods, traditional dress styles, and a strong emphasis on family values.
In contrast, a remote island community has developed a unique
culture with its own language, cuisine, and customs vastly different
from neighboring regions. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The complexity of the cultural organization
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
D. Isolation and assimilation of cultures |
|
Definition
| D. Isolation and assimilation of cultures |
|
|
Term
Jake has longer legs than some of his peers.
When running, Jake easily outpaces them.
What is impacting Jake’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sophie comes from a small town, there are only a few hundred
people who all know each other and share similar beliefs and
traditions. Sophie moved to a large city populated by millions of
people across a large geographical area with diverse beliefs and
practices. She found that people in the larger city tended to be
more individualistic. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a remote village in Africa, people hunt and farm to provide
for their families. Meanwhile, in a bustling metropolis in Asia,
people rely on technology and modern conveniences to
survive. Despite their vastly different lifestyles, both cultures
have found ways to thrive in their unique environments. What
is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising
the culture
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| D. The needs of the culture |
|
|
Term
A team of scientists carefully selects the healthiest and most adaptable
microorganisms from a sample to breed and create a desirable strain.
With each generation, they continue to selectively breed for these traits,
resulting in a population of microorganisms that are more resistant to
environmental stressors and produce higher quantities of a desired
compound. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Chloe was hesitant to speak up in a group meeting, but when
her boss praised her for her idea, she felt more confident and
began to contribute more. This scenario is an example of
which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| D. Guided ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
A group of farmers selectively breed their cows for higher milk
production. They carefully choose the cows with the highest milk yield
and mate them together, passing on their genes for milk production to
their offspring. Over time, the population of cows on the farm evolves to
have higher milk production, resulting in a more efficient and profitable
dairy farm. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a contribution credited to
Darwin?
A. Discovered the structure of DNA
B. Developed the idea that certain species traits are
“selected for” or “selected against”
C. Coined the term “gene”
D. Developed the idea that only the fittest humans
survive |
|
Definition
B. Developed the idea that certain species traits
are “selected for” or “selected against” |
|
|
Term
In the age of smartphones, many individuals have become
addicted to their devices, and social media has transformed
the way people interact with each other, both online and
offline. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| E. Natural cultural selection |
|
|
Term
After running to his car in the sun, Gary’s heart is
racing. He points the air conditioning vent on his face
and takes a gulp of water from a bottle. What is
impacting Gary’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
B. Current physiological circumstances (EO for
A/C and water) |
|
|
Term
Growing up, Randolph had a solid physical build,
giving him an immediate advantage over his
peers when he first started playing football. What
is impacting Randolph’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Termites work together in large groups rather
than in isolation, drastically increasing the
probability of survival. This scenario is an
example of _____.
A. Essentialism
B. Social Darwinism
C. Selectionism
D. Eugenics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The last time she raised her hand to ask a question in
class, Johanna was picked on by her classmate. Now
Johanna very rarely raises her hand in class. What is
impacting Johanna’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In one culture, everything is straightforward and simple. People are
more down-to-earth, have minimal possessions, and focus on
community. In contrast, the other culture is multifaceted, with
intricate social hierarchies and advanced technologies. They value
individual achievement and self-expression above all else. What is
the source of cultural variation?
A. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
B. The complexity of the cultural organization
C. The size of the group
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| B. The complexity of the cultural organization |
|
|
Term
A herd of grazing antelopes with the best camouflage blends
in with their surroundings and are less likely to be spotted by
predators. As a result, these antelopes survive and pass on
their advantageous traits to their offspring, resulting in a
population of antelopes that are better adapted to their
environment. This scenario is an example of which type of
selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection |
|
Definition
| A. Natural phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
q Which of the following is an example of contextualism?
a. The dog begs for food around her dad but not
around her mom, who gets upset when she begs for
food
b. Haley provides her daughter with preferred snacks
whenever she urinates in the toilet to increase toilet
urination
c. The principal at Max’s school tells his parents that
language delays at 18 months are not a major
concern because everyone develops at different
rates
d. Carrie engages in impulsive retail shopping
whenever she is frustrated with work |
|
Definition
a. dog begs for food around her dad but not
around her mom, who gets upset when she begs for food. |
|
|
Term
How are contextualism and
pragmatism similar? |
|
Definition
| Contextualism and pragmatism are similar in that both argue that circumstances matter” |
|
|
Term
❑How are contextualism and realism
different? |
|
Definition
| Contextualism and realism are different in that realism requires a level of absolutism that is incompatible with contextualism” |
|
|
Term
❑ According to Hayes et al. (1988), which
world hypothesis is most compatible
with behavior analysis?
a. Formism
b. Contextualism
c. Organicism
d. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
❑ According to Pepper (1942), match the
description with the corresponding term:
❑ Operation of the machine, where all parts
work together = __1_____
❑ The act put in its context = ___2____
❑ Unfolding of life = ___3____
❑ Phenomena are understood by assigning
them to types or classes = __4_____
A. mECHANISM
B. Contextualism
C. Organism
D. fORMISM |
|
Definition
1.MECHANISM
2.CONTEXTUALISM
3.ORGANICISM
4.FORMISM |
|
|
Term
| How are molar behaviorism and conventional molecular theory related to contextualism? a. Molecular theory includes more than the current context b. Molar behaviorism only includes the current context c. Molar behaviorism includes more than the current context d. Neither molar behaviorism nor molecular theory are related to contextualism |
|
Definition
| c. Molar behaviorism includes more than the current context |
|
|
Term
How are stimulus equivalence and relational frame theory related to contextualism?
a. New learned and derived relations become part of the new context
b. They are not related to contextualism
c. Derived relations may become part of the new context, as long as they are unlearned
d. Learned and derived relations fully replace prior influences on the current context. |
|
Definition
| a. New learned and derived relations become part of the new context |
|
|
Term
Misty says that her cat does not like people and never will. This statement is an example of which of the following? a.Selectionism
b.Essentialism
c.Social Darwinism
d.Fatalism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
qWhich of the following is an example of selectionism?
a. Molly asserts that her daughter does not engage in functional play because it is not developmentally appropriate for her age
b. Suzanne says that she engages in impulsive buying online because she can’t help it
c. Harrison no longer eats collard greens because the last two times that he ate them, he got sick
d. Lucy says that her dog barks at neighbors because it’s her nature to do so |
|
Definition
| c. Harrison no longer eats collard greens because the last two times that he ate them, he got sick. |
|
|
Term
How did John Stevens Henslow influence Darwin’s work?
a. Henslow did not have an influence on Darwin
b. He was Darwin’s teacher and an essentialist
c. He was Darwin’s teacher and a naturalist
d. He found that the world was billions of years old through his geology studies |
|
Definition
| b. He was Darwin’s teacher and an essentialist |
|
|
Term
Nancy lives in the mountains, in the midwestern United States. Most of the seafood that she eats is frozen fresh, as it is captured on the coast and shipped to the Midwest. She visits the coastal city of Portland, Maine and realizes just how much fresher the seafood tastes there. This is an example of which source of cultural variation?
a. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
b. Needs of the culture
c. Physical environment in which the culture exists
d. Homogeneity of the individuals in the culture |
|
Definition
| c. Physical environment in which the culture exists |
|
|
Term
• Everything matures, changes, and develops
over time.
• Which world hypotheses is this?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Classification is key to understanding a
phenomenon.
• Which world hypotheses is this?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• To understand an event, you must know the variables and situation particular to that event.
• Which world hypotheses is this?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“I don’t bother training my kittens, because
they’ll grow out of their destructive behavior
as they mature.”
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “I group my kittens by size, breed, and coat
pattern. It helps me get to know them better.”
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “The trainer and the cat work together to
form a competitive unit in the agility
competition.”
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “The trainer investigated what was happening
in the home the moment the kitten hissed and
swiped at the toddler.”
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Kaitlynn is reading a sci-fi novel. To figure out
what a character means by ‘frak’ is, she
analyzes the situation the character is in. It
seems to be a futuristic curse word!
• Which of the following does this best
represent?
A. Contextualism
B. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
itlynn is reading a sci-fi novel. To figure out
what a ‘Pernese watchwher’ is, she looks the
word up in the glossary in the back of the
book.
• Which of the following does this best
represent?
A. Contextualism
B. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “Cats meow. That’s just part of being a cat.”
• Which does this most exemplify?
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “The cat meows with humans as it typically
resulted in food and attention in the past.”
• Which does this most exemplify?
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• “The cat is hairless because humans bred cats
with those genes together for several
generations.”
• Which does this most exemplify?
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Quail develop rapidly both in and out of the
egg.
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Quail social behavior can only be understood
if you know what happened immediately
before and after.
• Which of the following does this best
exemplify?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• The meaning of a word is found in the
dictionary.
• Which of the following does this best
represent?
A. Contextualism
B. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• The meaning of an utterance depends on
when and where it was uttered.
• Which of the following does this best
represent?
A. Contextualism
B. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which hypothesis is most related to behavior
analysis?
A. Formism
B. Contextualism
C. Organicism
D. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The word “gem” may evoke different
responses based on variables such as
tone, or other verbal behavior it is
included with. For example “There were
many gems in her ring” and “Theodore
helped babysit the kids, he’s a gem”. This
exemplifies which view of word meaning?
A. Contextualist
B. Idealist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The RBT explained that the reason Zoe screams
is likely because when she has screamed in the
past all of her classmates stared at her and that
they ignore her when she is quiet. This is an
example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
June knows that all dogs bark, that is just how
they are made. This is an example of which of the
following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the listed items below, which of the following are ideas
or contributions of Charles Darwin?
A. Coined the term “gene”
B. Sexual selection does not always produce the most optimal
traits for natural selection
C. The poor and mentally ill should die to benefit the species
D. Individuals within a species are not precisely identical
E. Selection of traits occurs when there is an imbalance in the
system
F. Described sequencing of DNA
G. An organism in a new environment will spontaneously
develop new traits |
|
Definition
B. Sexual selection does not always produce the most
optimal traits for natural selection
D. Individuals within a species are not precisely identical
E. Selection of traits occurs when there is an imbalance in
the system |
|
|
Term
Labrador Retrievers are bred for water sports and
work. The American Labrador Retriever is bred
with a more slender body that is better for agility
and field-work. This an example of which type of
phylogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A polar bear's fur reflects the light around it and
appears white because it has functioned as
effective camouflage in snow-covered
landscapes where polar bears reside. Since food
is scarce, lighter fur typically results in better
access to food. This an example of which type of
phylogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When Jill ran outside in shorts during the
summer, she was comfortable and enjoyed
playing outside. When Jill ran outside in shorts
during the winter, she was immediately very
uncomfortable. Jill only wears shorts outside
when it is above a certain temperture. This an
example of which type of ontogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Francine would like her dog to run to the couch
and lay down when the doorbell rings. So she
has the neighbor ring the doorbell and provides
treats for closer and closer attempts and no
treats when her dog barks. This an example of
which type of ontogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Francine would like her dog to run to the couch
and lay down when the doorbell rings. So she
has the neighbor ring the doorbell and provides
treats for closer and closer attempts and no
treats when her dog barks. This an example of
which type of ontogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to the extremely low scores on the
statewide third grade exams, the department of
education for the state has started incentivizing
using certain teaching procedures. This an
example of which type of cultural selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While deer hunting on his land, Yegor is sure to
kill the deer that have smaller misshapen antlers
and defects to build his deer population to his
liking. This an example of which type of
selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Haley grew tall enough to reach all of the
ingredients in the pantry and has since stopped
asking her parents to get her a snack. This an
example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| C. Natural ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
There used to be issues with littering on the
roadside, but the highway patrol instituted harsh
fines for littering and roadsides are generally
much cleaner. This an example of which type of
selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| F. Guided cultural selection |
|
|
Term
The word “gem” may evoke different responses
based on variables such as tone or other verbal
behavior it is included with. For example, “There
were many gems in her ring” and “Theodore helped
babysit the kids. He’s a gem”. This exemplifies which
view of word meaning?
A. Pragmatism
B. Contextualism
C. Idealism
D. Realism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The RBT explained that the reason Zoe screams is likely because
when she has screamed in the past all of her classmates stared
at her and that they ignore her when she is quiet. This is an
example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
June knows that all dogs bark, that is just how they are made.
This is an example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an idea/contribution of
Charles Darwin?
A. Coined the term “gene”
B. Described sequencing of DNA
C. An organism in a new environment will
spontaneously develop new traits
D. Selection of traits occurs when there is an
imbalance in the system |
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Definition
D. Selection of traits occurs when there is an
imbalance in the system |
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Term
A polar bear's fur reflects the light around it and appears white
because it has functioned as effective camouflage in snowcovered landscapes where polar bears reside. Since food is
scarce, lighter fur typically results in better access to food. This
an example of which type of phylogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
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Definition
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Term
When Jill ran outside in shorts during the summer, she was
comfortable and enjoyed playing outside. When Jill ran outside
in shorts during the winter, she was immediately very
uncomfortable. Jill only wears shorts outside when it is above a
certain temperature. This an example of which type of
ontogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
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Definition
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Term
Francine would like her dog to run to the couch and lay down
when the doorbell rings. So, she has the neighbor ring the
doorbell and provides treats for closer and closer attempts and
no treats when her dog barks. This an example of which type of
ontogenic selection?
A. Natural
B. Guided |
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Definition
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Term
While deer hunting on his land, Yegor is sure to kill the deer
that have smaller misshapen antlers and defects to build his
deer population to his liking. This an example of which type
of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
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Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
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Term
Everyone who lives near the swamp tends to carry mosquito
spray. This is an example of which source of cultural
variation?
A. Physical environment
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. Homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the individuals
D. Size
E. Complexity of the cultural organization
F. Needs of the culture |
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Definition
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Term
After an illness caused by pollution swept through a city,
everyone is more participative in anti-pollution efforts. This
is an example of which source of cultural variation?
A. Physical environment
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. Homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the individuals
D. Size
E. Complexity of the cultural organization
F. Needs of the culture |
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Definition
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Term
Ava usually tries different foods when she goes
out to eat but only eats soup when she is sick.
Which philosophical worldview does this scenario
most align with?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
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Definition
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Term
Jerry often throws tantrums when asked to do something
he doesn't like. The BCBA observed the situation and
suggested that the tantrums happened because Jerry had
previously been rewarded for not having to do the task.
To solve this problem, the BCBA recommended a
behavior intervention protocol that involves rewarding
Jerry for completing tasks and ignoring his tantrums.
Which philosophical worldview does this scenario most
align with?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
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Definition
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Term
Vanessa is studying how a child's social skills develop
over time. She considers the immediate factors and the
evolving nature of the child's interactions with the
environment, peers, and caregivers. Vanessa suggests
that the environment does not solely influence these
skills but develops as part of an integrated system that
grows and adapts over time. Which philosophical
worldview does this scenario most align with?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
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Definition
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Term
Greg works in a school setting and categorizes students'
different disruptive behaviors. He groups these behaviors
into predefined categories, such as "physical
aggression," "property disruption," and "verbal
outbursts," without focusing on the specific antecedents
or consequences of the behaviors. The primary goal is to
classify the behaviors based on their observable
characteristics. Which philosophical worldview does this
scenario most align with?
A. Formism
B. Mechanism
C. Contextualism
D. Organicism |
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Definition
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Term
The BCaBA is working with a child exhibiting
aggressive behavior at school. To understand the
behavior, the analyst examines the events that
occur before and after the aggressive incidents
and the child's interactions with peers and
teachers in different settings.
A. Pragmatism
B. Idealism
C. Contextualism
D. SelectionismA therapist is developing a theory to explain a
client's behavior. This theory focuses on the
client's inner thoughts, beliefs, and subjective
experiences as the primary drivers of their
actions. The therapist emphasizes the
importance of understanding these mental states
to fully grasp the client's behavior.
A. Pragmatism
B. Idealism
C. Contextualism
D. Selectionism |
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Definition
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Term
Idealists' interpretations involve essential
defining qualities. Thus, the meaning of a word,
such as “yarn,” is absolute, regardless of context.
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
A therapist is developing a theory to explain a
client's behavior. This theory focuses on the
client's inner thoughts, beliefs, and subjective
experiences as the primary drivers of their
actions. The therapist emphasizes the
importance of understanding these mental states
to fully grasp the client's behavior.
A. Pragmatism
B. Idealism
C. Contextualism
D. Selectionism |
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Definition
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Term
A parent worries about their child's disruptive
behaviors and thinks they are linked to the
child's natural temperament. Despite changing
the environment, the parent believes that the
child's behaviors will continue because of the
child's underlying personality traits. This is an
example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
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Definition
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Term
The RBT explained that Zoe screams likely
because in the past, when she screamed, all her
classmates stared at her, and they ignored her
when she was quiet. This is an example of which
of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
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Definition
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Term
Kat is implementing a treatment plan where she
reinforce specific social behaviors in a group of
students. Over time, the students’ social
interactions improve as more appropriate behaviors
are reinforced, while inappropriate behaviors
decrease. Kat attributes this improvement to how
behaviors are selected based on reinforcement
histories in the environment. This is an example of
which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
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Definition
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Term
June knows that all dogs bark; that is how they
are made. This is an example of which of the
following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism |
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Definition
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Term
Labrador Retrievers are bred for water sports
and work. The American Labrador Retriever is
bred with a more slender body that is better for
agility and field work.
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection |
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Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
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Term
Francine would like her dog to run to the couch
and lie down when the doorbell rings. So she has
the neighbor ring the doorbell and provides
treats for closer and closer attempts and no
treats when her dog barks.
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection |
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Definition
| D. Guided ontogenic selection |
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Term
When Jill ran outside in shorts during the
summer, she was comfortable and enjoyed
playing outside. Jill was immediately very
uncomfortable when she ran outside in shorts
during the winter. Jill only wears shorts outside
when they are above a certain temperature.
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection |
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Definition
| C. Natural ontogenic selection |
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Term
Everyone who lives near the swamp tends
to carry mosquito spray.
A. Physical environment
B. Homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the
individuals
C. Needs of the culture |
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Definition
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Term
Everyone at XYZ company wears jeans on
Fridays; typically, new hires also start
wearing jeans on Fridays.
A. Physical environment
B. Homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the
individuals
C. Needs of the culture |
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Definition
B. Homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the
individuals |
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Term
here used to be issues with littering on the
roadside, but the highway patrol instituted harsh
fines for littering, and roadsides are generally
much cleaner.
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
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Definition
| F. Guided Cultural Selection |
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Term
| In Mr. Cutler’s class, when the students complete their assignments, they get to play a game. Now students in his class complete more assignments. Completing more assignments is an example of which characteristic of ontogenic selection? a. Variation b. Selection c. Repetition |
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Definition
C. Repetition
Correct
Repetition means a behavior is happening again as a result of reinforcement. In this example, the students are repeating the behavior of completing assignments due to the past history of access to a game after completing an assignment. Selection means the behavior is shaped or chosen as a result of its consequences. Variation means there can be differences in the response in each occurrence.
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Term
| When Antonio’s room is clean and he asks to go to his friend’s house, his mother says, “Yes.” If his room is not clean, she says, ”No.” Now Antonio keeps his room clean. His mother saying “Yes” when clean, and “No” when not clean is an example of which characteristic of ontogenic selection? a. Variation b. Selection c. Repetition |
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Definition
B. Selection
Correct
Selection means the behavior is shaped or chosen as a result of its consequences. In this example, the child chooses the behavior of cleaning his room based on the consequence that results from cleaning his room. Repetition means a behavior is happening again as a result of reinforcement. Variation means there can be differences in the response in each occurrence
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Term
Antonio has many opportunities to clean his room throughout the week. He also asks to go to his friend’s house many times. Sometimes Antonio only cleans part of his room; sometimes he cleans the whole room. His mother will say, “Yes” if his room is clean and, “No” if it is not. Regarding Antonio’s behavior, which demonstrates the characteristic of variation?
a. Sometimes Antonio only cleans part of his room; sometimes he cleans his whole room
b. Sometimes Antonio’s mom says, “Yes”; sometimes she says, “No”
c. Antonio has many opportunities to either clean his room thoroughly or minimally
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Definition
| a. Sometimes Antonio only cleans part of his room; sometimes he cleans his whole room |
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Term
o neighboring countries on opposite sides of a mountainrange have vastly different cultures. A desert climate andnomadic traditions characterize the country to the east, whilethe country to the west enjoys a lush, temperate climate and athriving agricultural industry. What is the source of culturalvariation?A. The physical environment in which the culture existsB. Isolation and assimilation of culturesC. The complexity of the cultural organizationD. The needs of the culture
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Definition
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Term
The neighboring countries on opposite sides of a mountain
range have vastly different cultures. A desert climate and
nomadic traditions characterize the country to the east, while
the country to the west enjoys a lush, temperate climate and a
thriving agricultural industry. What is the source of cultural
variation?
A. The physical environment in which the culture exists
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. The complexity of the cultural organization
D. The needs of the culture |
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Definition
| A. The physical environment in which the culture exists |
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Term
Melanie began working for a closely knit team, a stark
contrast to her previous company. They frequently provided
feedback and kept each other accountable with self-
management systems. Soon enough, Melanie followed suit
and provided more feedback to her teammates. What is the
source of cultural variation?
A. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
B. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising
the culture
C. The needs of the culture
D. The complexity of the cultural organization |
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Definition
| B. Homogenity or Hetorogenity of indivuals comprising the culture |
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Term
The last time Marlon checked in with his students
during his lecture, he received immediate positive
feedback. Presently, Marlon checks in with his
students periodically during class. What is impacting
Marlon’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history (history of reinforcement)
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
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Definition
| A. Behavioral history (history of reinforcement) |
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Term
Willis often makes jokes using behavior-analytic
language. He usually avoids making them around his
non-ABA friends, but now that he’s at a professional
conference, he tells many of them. What is impacting
Willis’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SD for
attention around ABA friends, S-Delta for
attention around Non-ABA friends)
D. Genetics |
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Definition
C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SD for
attention around ABA friends, S-Delta for
attention around Non-ABA friends) |
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Term
In a bustling city, two close neighborhoods share many cultural
similarities. They both have vibrant street markets selling similar
foods, traditional dress styles, and a strong emphasis on family values.
In contrast, a remote island community has developed a unique
culture with its own language, cuisine, and customs vastly different
from neighboring regions. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The complexity of the cultural organization
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
D. Isolation and assimilation of cultures |
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Definition
| D. Issolation and aSSIMILATION OF CULTURES |
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Term
Sophie comes from a small town, there are only a few hundred
people who all know each other and share similar beliefs and
traditions. Sophie moved to a large city populated by millions of
people across a large geographical area with diverse beliefs and
practices. She found that people in the larger city tended to be
more individualistic. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
D. The needs of the culture |
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Definition
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Term
Jake has longer legs than some of his peers.
When running, Jake easily outpaces them.
What is impacting Jake’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
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Definition
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Term
In a remote village in Africa, people hunt and farm to provide
for their families. Meanwhile, in a bustling metropolis in Asia,
people rely on technology and modern conveniences to
survive. Despite their vastly different lifestyles, both cultures
have found ways to thrive in their unique environments. What
is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising
the culture
D. The needs of the culture |
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Definition
| D. The needs of the culture |
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Term
After running to his car in the sun, Gary’s heart is
racing. He points the air conditioning vent on his face
and takes a gulp of water from a bottle. What is
impacting Gary’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances (EO for
A/C and water)
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
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Definition
B. Current physiological circumstances (EO for
A/C and water) |
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Term
In one culture, everything is straightforward and simple. People are
more down-to-earth, have minimal possessions, and focus on
community. In contrast, the other culture is multifaceted, with
intricate social hierarchies and advanced technologies. They value
individual achievement and self-expression above all else. What is
the source of cultural variation?
A. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the
culture
B. The complexity of the cultural organization
C. The size of the group
D. The needs of the culture |
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Definition
| . The complexity of the cultural organization |
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