Term
hich of these is an example of causal determinism?
A. After inconclusive results from a functional analysis, Michelle stated that the team could conclude the function of their client's aggression if they kept isolating specific variables.
B. Mike thought it possible that his client’s caregivers would cancel today’s session at the last minute since they frequently have done so, but he hoped they wouldn’t.
C. Ella stated that a coin flip could never be accurately predicted or controlled, and the outcome simply happened.
D. "You cannot analyze my behavior!" said Taylor. "The rest of nature and animals, for sure, but humans are much more complex." |
|
Definition
| A. After inconclusive results from a functional analysis, Michelle stated that the team could conclude the function of their client's aggression if they kept isolating specific variables. |
|
|
Term
Which is causal determinism?
a. Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly
predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth
b. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over
time, but not precisely to every instance
c. Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should have a
certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person
in ways that cannot be fully predicted |
|
Definition
A. Bryan states that, given several measures, he can
perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth.
HINT,:perfectly predict Absolute, perfect determinism |
|
|
Term
ryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly
predict the path of a satellite orbiting Earth.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are two types of behavior: voluntary and involuntary. This perspective regarding voluntarism was held by which of the following?
A. Descartes
B. Wundt
C. Libet
D. Pavlov |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are two types of behavior: voluntary
and involuntary.
A. Descartes
B. Wundt
C. Libet
D. Pavlov |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
My daughter is fluent in four languages, and
her daily school lessons are presented in
English, French, Spanish, and Chinese.
Intensive concept formation training has led
to her fluency in all four languages.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Michaela adopted the orange tabby at the
shelter because it resembled the cat she
grew up with.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a modern-day term closely associated with involuntary behavior?
A. Flexible
B. Elicited
C. Automatic
D. Rigid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Every person has their own preferences,
and there are even the smallest variations in
how they behave throughout the day.
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Every person has their own preferences, and there are even the smallest variations in how they behave throughout the day. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a modern-day term closely
associated with voluntary behavior?
A. Operant
B. Mechanical
C. Mindless
D. Unintentional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a modern-day term closely associated with involuntary behavior?
A. Reflexive
B. Operant
C. Emitted
D. Willful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a modern-day term closely
associated with involuntary behavior?
A. Reflexive
B. Operant
C. Emitted
D. Willful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Although it is impossible to see all objects falling, we can
safely say that they will all fall at about the same speed.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Determining if a behavior is voluntary or involuntary
based on if it is a “free” operant or respondent, is
problematic because:
a. The term “free” makes it sound like the person
decided to engage in the behavior and thus should
be accountable
b. The term “free” makes it sound like the person was
coerced into emitting a specific response and thus
should not be held accountable
c. Only respondent behaviors can be considered “free”
d. “Free” operant behaviors cannot be predicted or
controlled |
|
Definition
A. The term “free” makes it sound like the person
decided to engage in the behavior and thus should
be accountable |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Individuals are unique, and the behavior each engages in is unique to that individual?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions. |
|
Definition
| A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument
against determinism: Individuals are unique, and the behavior
each engages in is unique to that individual?
A. There are common underlying principles, such as
reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean
it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes the behavior is determined, thus undermining
the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a
certain way. They merely state the consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| A. There are common underlying principles, such as reinforcement |
|
|
Term
Penelope doesn’t collect the data the
behavior analyst requested because her
daughter’s tantrums are random
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
B Indeterminism
Phenomena are free agents and cannot be
predicted or controlled.
• E.g., Bear paws at the sliding door because he
wanted to do it and was not influenced by the past. |
|
|
Term
Which is probabilistic determinism?
a. Hank believes that, if enough data are collected, that behavior
could be perfectly predicted
b. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over
time, but not precisely to every instance
c. Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly
predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth. |
|
Definition
B Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance.
Note: Based on what is probably, without absolute certainty..can be predicted generally and over
time, but not precisely to every instance |
|
|
Term
Which of the following perspectives was held by Wundt
regarding voluntarism?
A. Originally, it believed that all behavior was involuntary and
was similar in both humans and animals
B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides
processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
C. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain
preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
D. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior, and
striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior |
|
Definition
B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides
processes like decision-making, choice, and attention. |
|
|
Term
Which of Grünbaum’s arguments can be
addressed by this counterpoint?
q Multiple interactive parts are involved but that
does not mean behavior is too complex to
understand
a. Individual uniqueness
b. Behavior is too complex
c. Behavior is determined by future goals
d. Destruction of the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
| B. Behavior is too complex |
|
|
Term
The behavior of humans is far more intricate than that of animals, which behave in predictable patterns based on their surroundings and need to survive. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum? A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| B. Behavior is too complex |
|
|
Term
Human behavior is far more intricate than
animals, which behave in predictable
patterns based on their surroundings and
need to survive.
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal
responaibility |
|
Definition
| B. Behavior is too complex |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a modern-day term closely associated with voluntary behavior?
A. Fluid
B. Directionless
C. Purposive
D. Intentional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
of these scenarios is an example of determinism?
A. Sonya’s upbringing guaranteed that she would be open to new ideas and respectful of differences between herself and others.
B. Douglas visited the bank in the morning, receiving friendlier and more efficient service than any other time of day.
C. Calvin believed his career path was chosen at birth by powers beyond his understanding.
D. Sheri states that her choices are random, and her past does not influence them, |
|
Definition
| B. Douglas visited the bank in the morning, receiving friendlier and more efficient service than any other time of day. |
|
|
Term
During the IEP meeting, Randy, the student's special
education teacher, commented that he believed there
was no discernible reason why the student engaged in
problem behavior and that it just happened "out of the
blue." This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Sun released a solar flare at random. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Casual determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Probabilistic determinism
D. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During Jessie's trip to the toy shop, she struggled to select between two toys. Eventually, she decided on the doll, saying she "just chose" and “nothing influenced which one she picked.” This scenario is an example of which of the following? A. Determinism B. Indeterminism C. Fatalism D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Simon picked six numbers at random, with
nothing influencing his decision
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of determinism?
A. Alvin believed his success as a practitioner was "all part of
God's plan" for him.
B. Kyle turns right at the light because he ran into a ton of traffic
the last time he continued straight.
C. Opal believes that the future is unpredictable and that every
decision she makes could lead to multiple outcomes.
D. Nancy believes that all events are decided by fate, and there is
no way to alter or change what will happen. |
|
Definition
B. Kyle turns right at the light because he ran into a ton of
traffic the last time he continued straight. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios is an example of scientific realism?
A. While there is no strong evidence supporting the feedback sandwich, Florence continued using it since it was preferred by most of her employees.
B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees.
C. Despite lacking strong evidence supporting their use, Nigel switched to eco-friendly packaging to appeal to customers who prioritize sustainability.
D. Despite his failed previous attempts, the homeowner attempted to fix his leaky faucet because it was faster than hiring a handyman. |
|
Definition
| B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees. |
|
|
Term
Despite the lack of evidence supporting “employee of the month” programs, Henry continues to use the practice at his clinic. Many of his employees work harder to win the award every month.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While there hasn’t been much research supporting social stories, Noam has found that his client generally enjoys them, so Noam continues incorporating them into sessions. This scenario is an example of ______.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism
C. Compatibilism
D. Fatalism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
q While planning his post-supervision
experience, Brad agrees to work in
hospitals because he “was called by God”
to help people. Brad’s statement
represents a belief in:
a. Determinism
b. Predestination
c. Indeterminism
d. Fatalism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over
time but not precisely in every instance
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabiliatic Determinism |
|
|
Term
Cornelius believed his mother would likely yell at him when she got home for not defrosting the chicken, given her usual reaction, but he couldn’t say for sure. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument
against determinism: People are too variable and
unpredictable?
A. There are common underlying principles, such as
reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean
it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes the behavior is determined, thus undermining
the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a
certain way. They merely state the consequences of actions. |
|
Definition
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not
mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: People are too variable and unpredictable? A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following views on voluntarism is attributed to Descartes? A. Voluntarism is a form of reflex B. Voluntarism is a conscious and deliberate act C. Voluntarism is an involuntary response attributed to the will D. Voluntarism is a result of pre-determined fate. |
|
Definition
| B. Voluntarism is a conscious and deliberate act |
|
|
Term
| Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: If behavior is determined and a person does something, they cannot be held responsible for it? A. There are common underlying principles, such as reinforcement B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood C. This assumes the behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way. They merely state the consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| B. behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way. They merely state the consequences of actions |
|
|
Term
❑Descartes stated that animals (other
than humans) engaged in:
a. Voluntary and involuntary
b. Only voluntary
c. Only involuntary
d. Neither voluntary nor involuntary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During an IEP meeting, Silas argued with the behavior analyst, stating that it was impossible to predict with 100% certainty whether the client’s aggression was evoked by nonpreferred tasks, despite both their direct observations. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism
D. Indeterminism |
|
Definition
| B.. Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Josephine indicates that the success of ABA in its applications
is more important than a perfect understanding of behavior.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is NOT an argument made by Grünbaum against determinism? A. Behavior is too complex B. Behavior is determined by future goals C. Behavior is caused by common underlying principles D. Determinism destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| C. Behavior is caused by common underlying principles |
|
|
Term
e have no way of predicting a person’s behavior, especially if we are unaware of their intent or aspirations. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| C. Behavior is determined by future goals |
|
|
Term
We cannot predict a person’s behavior,
especially if we are unaware of their intent
and aspirations.
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
| C. Behavior is determined by future goals. |
|
|
Term
Even though environmental events are predictable based on
past data, our personal choices are not predictable and are
determined by factors separate from the environment.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
EVen though environmental events are predictable based on
past data, our personal choices are not predictable and are
determined by factors separate from the environment.
This is which assumption?
a. Causal determinism
b. Probabilistic determinism
c. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
C. Compatibilism
personal choices are not predictable and are
determined by factors separate from the environment..
Note: Free will separate from the environmen |
|
|
Term
q Jada works in a classroom. The classroom
teacher tells her that a student’s problem
behavior occurs out of the blue. Jada explains
that the behavior is a result of the repetitive
tasks assigned to the class. Jada’s explanation
represents:
a. Indeterminism
b. Fatalism
c. Determinism
d. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
❑ Katarina’s family has been discussing
options to help improve her frequent
aggression. Her uncle suggests there is
nothing that will help, and that she was
destined to be a “difficult child.” What
worldview does this most align with?
a. Determinism
b. Indeterminism
c. Fatalism
d. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After Riley received low scores in her violin
performance, she explained that she was
bound to get a bad score since she’d had so
many great performances previously. Riley’s
explanation represents a belief in:
a. Determinism
b. Indeterminism
c. Fatalism
d. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tilley’s short lifeline on her palm was proof
that she was always meant to get frequently
sick.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Martha was raised by two very religious parents, who taught her the importance of following the guidance of the community’s spiritual leaders. Her upbringing guaranteed she would also be religious. This scenario is an example of _______.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination
|
|
Definition
| C. Fatalism (“guaranteed she would also be…”) |
|
|
Term
Cole’s current environment, including his friends and family, means that he will certainly engage in certain behaviors and make specific choices throughout his life. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
| C. Fatalism (“he WILL certainly engage in…”) |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of predestination?
A. Conrad took the morning shift with the client since he previously experienced less problem behavior than the afternoon shift.
B. Ernest says his hiccups always come “out of the blue” and are not influenced by his eating or drinking habits.
C. Indira says that whether she passes or fails her final exam is ultimately in the hands of "The Big Guy Upstairs.” D. Silvia’s parents were both doctors, so it was only natural that she became one too. |
|
Definition
| C. Indira says that whether she passes or fails her final exam is ultimately in the hands of "The Big Guy Upstairs.” |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of indeterminism?
A. Allison wore the green bathing suit since she previously received many compliments for wearing it during her last vacation.
B. Wanda believed that everything happened for a reason and that, ultimately, it was in the hands of a higher force.
C. Lester wrote that his student’s problem behavior seemingly came out of nowhere and was impossible to predict.
D. Gerard’s choices during his early 20s set in stone the twists and turns his personal life would take over the following decade. |
|
Definition
| C. Lester wrote that his student’s problem behavior seemingly came out of nowhere and was impossible to predict. |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Cannot determine cause of behavior because it is determined by something in the future?.
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument |
|
|
Term
of these is the best counterpoint to this argument
against determinism: Cannot determine the cause of behavior
because it is determined by something in the future?
A. There are common underlying principles, such as
reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean
it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes the behavior is determined, thus undermining
the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a
certain way. They merely state the consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| C. This assumes the behavior is determine, thus undermining the argument. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following perspectives was held by Wundt regarding voluntarism?
A. Originally believed that all behavior was involuntary and was similar in both humans and animals
B. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
C. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
D. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior and striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior. |
|
Definition
| C. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention. |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: If behavior is determined and a person does something, they cannot be held responsible for it? A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions. |
|
|
Term
How can we hold someone accountable if
environmental contingencies are solely to
blame for their behavior?
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
D. It destroys the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
|
Term
How can we hold someone accountable if environmental contingencies are solely to blame for their behavior? This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
A. Individual uniqueness
B. Behavior is too complex
C. Behavior is determined by future goals
D. It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| D. It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a modern-day term closely associated with voluntary behavior?
A. Mechanical
B. Mindless
C. Unintentional
D. Operant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Myra praised her supervisee, Tessa, for continued progress during ABA sessions. Tessa humbly stated that it was all “part of the Lord’s plan for her” as she continued her journey. This scenario is an example of which assumption? A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anthony is not worried about whether he
will pass his classes, as it is ultimately in the
hands of his chosen deity.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
It was God’s will that Colin not only
survived the car accident but also that he
was not injured.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clark believed that no matter what he did, he
was destined to select the University of Miami
as his graduate school. This scenario is an
example of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frances suggested it would be impossible to find out exactly why Garry engaged in erratic behavior but could figure out when he would most likely act out. This scenario is an example of ____. __________ determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The concept of Freud’s unconscious and
conscious mind involved early notions of
voluntary action and the ___, and
involuntary action and the ___.
a. Ego, id
b. id, ego
c. Ego, ego
d. Id, id |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
❑According to Libet in the 1980s,
conscious intention:
a. Must come before voluntary action for
that action to be considered voluntary
b. Must come after involuntary action for
that action to be considered voluntary
c. Must come after voluntary action for
that action to be considered voluntary |
|
Definition
a. Must come before voluntary action for
that action to be considered voluntary. |
|
|
Term
q Kai can’t figure out why his bread keeps
turning out flat. His assistant, Tera, says it’s
the change in humidity in the kitchen that
has resulted in poor proofing of the dough.
Tera’s explanation represents:
a. Causal determinism
b. Probabilistic determinism
c. Compatibilism
d. Indeterminism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
q Which of Grünbaum’s arguments can be
addressed by this counterpoint?
q Unique histories yield unique behavioral
repertoires
a. Individual uniqueness
b. Behavior is too complex
c. Behavior is determined by future goals
d. Destruction of the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While determinism holds that identifying environmental
variables can help predict and impact behavior,
indeterminism is problematic because:
a. Indeterminism holds that individual experiences are
predetermined by a deity, and our efforts cannot
change those outcomes
b. Indeterminism holds that behavior is independent of
environmental events, so manipulating these
variables would not have an impact
c. Indeterminism holds that nothing matters, whether
in relation to an outcome or no |
|
Definition
b. Indeterminism holds that behavior is independent of
environmental events, so manipulating these
variables would not have an impact |
|
|
Term
q Logan believes that people should simply
follow the rules at work because it’s the right
thing to do. He also believes that those who
do not follow the rules should be terminated.
What would be a counterpoint to Logan’s
argument against determinism?
a. Human behavior may have a unique
history, but there are still common
underlying principles to explain it
. There is a reason why people may not
follow the rules at work and it’s worth
investigating why they don’t
c. Even if human behavior is determined by
future goals, it is still determined
d. Human behavior is indeed complex, but
not too complex to be understood |
|
Definition
b. There is a reason why people may not
follow the rules at work and it’s worth
investigating why they don’t |
|
|
Term
Which of Grünbaum’s arguments can be
addressed by this counterpoint?
q Futility of something that has not happened
yet causing something now
a. Individual uniqueness
b. Behavior is too complex
c. Behavior is determined by future goals
d. Destruction of the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
| c. behavior is determined by future goal. |
|
|
Term
According to Wundt, who is considered
the founder of psychology, “will” is:
a. The force behind involuntary action
b. Not to be studied
c. The force behind voluntary action
d. Not a part of the field of psychology |
|
Definition
| c. the force behind voluntary action. |
|
|
Term
Which of Grünbaum’s arguments can be
addressed by this counterpoint?
q Behavioral principles merely state
consequences of actions; they do not force
people to behave in certain ways
a. Individual uniqueness
b. Behavior is too complex
c. Behavior is determined by future goals
d. Destruction of the concept of personal
responsibility |
|
Definition
d. Destruction of the concept of personal
responsibility. |
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Term
Which is predestination?
a. Gen sets study reminders and spends time each day with
flashcards and says it is because it has helped her past
classes before.
b. Lars gets a poor grade on an assignment and says the
teacher just gives grades randomly, so he doesn’t bother
putting much time in.
c. Sarah says she was born innately intelligent and thus always
gets good marks in the courses she takes.
d. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or
not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity. |
|
Definition
d. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or
not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity.
Note: Determined by their chosen deity. |
|
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Term
Chloe works as a performance analyst in the
sales division of a large corporation. She
makes sure to collect data on a variety of
key performance indicators and is actively
revising protocols based on trends in data.
Her supervisor tells her that, although her
process is thorough, it is impossible to
predict exactly how employees will perform
because there is too much variability to be
accounted for
The supervisor’s statement represents a
belief in:
a. Causal determinism
b. Compatibilism
c. Fatalism
d. Probabilistic determinism |
|
Definition
d. Probabilistic determinism
he supervisor’s statement represents a belief in probabilistic determinism. Remember that probabilistic determinism is the assumption that behavior is determined but not perfectly, so some aspects are predictable while others are not. Since the supervisor stated that it would be impossible to predict some aspects of the employee’s performance, this represents a belief in probabilistic determinism. |
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Term
Rashad has the equipment and skills to open a
new recording studio. Recently, his partner,
Jordan, tells Rashad that the only way he would
be able to open a studio is if he decided it was
something he truly wanted. Jordan’s
explanation represents:
a. Causal determinism
b. Probabilistic determinism
c. Predestination
d. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Takaya gets a new tattoo of a bird. When
her friend asks why she chose a bird, she
says, “No reason. I just picked a random
design.” Takaya’s explanation represents
a belief in:
a. Determinism
b. Fatalism
c. Predestination
d. Indeterminism |
|
Definition
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Term
Determining a distinction between
voluntary and involuntary behavior
based on whether it is operant or
respondent, is problematic because
calling behavior voluntary implies
free will.
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
A.
Labeling a behavior as voluntary or involuntary based on whether it is operant or respondent is problematic. For example, calling a behavior voluntary indicates that it is due to ‘free will’, when it actually is simply operant behavior controlled by its environmental circumstances. This makes the use of labels complicated as behaviors do not necessarily fall into each category |
|
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Term
Sam says that, since his child likes potato chips that they
must prefer all forms of potato at all times and at any meal.
This exemplifies which view of word meaning?
a. Idealist
b. Scientific Realist
c. Contextualist
d. Pragmatist
e. Postmodernist |
|
Definition
a. Idealist
Note: Part of the child’s identity.
• All inclusive
• No exceptions
since his child likes potato chips that
must prefer all forms of potato at all times and at any meal |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of contextualism?
a. Rudy engages in more delinquent behavior lately. His parents
do not provide disciplinary action believing that Rudy will grow
out of this as he matures.
b. When Eve was 18 years-old she thought her parents were
lame for going to bed at 9:00pm. Now that she has 2 kids,
she’s in bed by 8:30pm and totally understands now.
c. Ava usually goes to bed at 10:00pm because she feels
refreshed in the morning.
d. Jacques avoids family gatherings because they often drag on
and end up with at least 2 members fighting. |
|
Definition
b. When Eve was 18 years-old she thought her parents were lame for going to bed at 9:00pm. Now that she has 2 kids, she’s in bed by 8:30pm and totally understands now.
Note: Context change, the addition of children. |
|
|
Term
The word “gem” may evoke different responses based on variables such as tone, or other verbal behavior it is included
with. For example “There were many gems in her ring” and
“Theodore helped babysit the kids, he’s a gem”.
This exemplifies which view of word meaning?
a. Idealist
b. Scientific Realist
c. Contextualist
d. Pragmatist
e. Postmodernist |
|
Definition
c. Contextualist
Note: Different meanings based on the contextual subject.
• Jewelry vs. people. |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of pragmatic?
a. Rudy engages in more delinquent behavior lately. His parents
do not provide disciplinary action believing that Rudy will grow
out of this as he matures.
b. When Eve was 18 years-old she thought her parents were
lame for going to bed at 9:00pm. Now that she has 2 kids,
she’s in bed by 8:30pm and totally understands now.
c. Ava usually goes to bed at 10:00pm because she feels
refreshed in the morning.
d. Jacques avoids family gatherings because they often drag on
and end up with at least 2 members fighting. |
|
Definition
d. Jacques avoids family gatherings because they often
drag on and end up with at least 2 members fighting.
Note: Practical solution to avoid conflict. |
|
|
Term
Classification is key to understanding a phenomenon.
a. Formism
b. Mechanism
c. Contextualism
d. Organicism |
|
Definition
a. Formism
Note: Categorize into groups like feature, function, or class. |
|
|
Term
I don’t bother training my puppies, because they’ll grow out
of their destructive behavior as they mature.”
a. Formism
b. Mechanism
c. Contextualism
d. Organicism |
|
Definition
d. Organicism
Note: Biology, growth, and organicism as the source of change. |
|
|
Term
“The trainer and the dog work together to form a competitive
unit in the competition.”
a. Formism
b. Mechanism
c. Contextualism
d. Organicism |
|
Definition
b. Mechanism
Note: Parts working together to form a single unit or machine. |
|
|
Term
Which one is an example of essentialism?
a. Whenever Jake throws a tantrum, mom gives him a hug to
calm him down. Now Jake throws tantrums more often when
mom is present.
b. Seb is 2 and constantly grabs toys from others possession
when he wants them. Mom does not interfere and says, when
my daughter was his age, she never did that, it must be a boy
thing.
c. Whenever Pete shows up at home after school 30 minutes late
–mom knows it must have a been a bad day at school.
d. It doesn’t matter how hard Suzie studies; she will always fail
her math tests. |
|
Definition
b. Seb is 2 and constantly grabs toys from others possession when he wants them. Mom does not interfere and says, when my daughter was his age, she never did
that, it must be a boy thing.
Note: Part of their essence, their boyness. |
|
|
Term
The RBT explained that the reason Zoe screams is likely
because when she has screamed in the past all of her
classmates stared at her and that they ignore her when she is
quiet.
This is an example of:
a. Selectionism
b. Essentialism |
|
Definition
a. Selectionism
Note: Ontogeny, behavioral selection by consequences. |
|
|
Term
Which one is an example of selectionism?
a. Mariah tells her friend that there is no point in reasoning with
her boyfriend because he is a man, and all men are stubborn.
b. At recess Janelle tells her friends that anyone that doesn’t
follow her rules is not allowed to play the game she made up.
c. The sheep no longer walk by the electric fence because in the
past they got shocked.
d. Sonja chooses the chocolate cheesecake for dessert. |
|
Definition
| c. The sheep no longer walk by the electric fence because in the past they got shocked. |
|
|
Term
Which one is an example of selectionism?
a. Mariah tells her friend that there is no point in reasoning with
her boyfriend because he is a man, and all men are stubborn.
b. At recess Janelle tells her friends that anyone that doesn’t
follow her rules is not allowed to play the game she made up.
c. The sheep no longer walk by the electric fence because in the
past they got shocked.
d. Sonja chooses the chocolate cheesecake for dessert. |
|
Definition
| c. The sheep no longer walk by the electric fence because in the past they got shocked. |
|
|
Term
Which is the behavioral impact of genetics?
a. Frank volunteered to help pick up trash on the side of the road
and had a soda bottle thrown at him. When picking volunteer
slots he never picks roadside clean up.
b. Sally has seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high, and she
takes an antihistamine.
c. Samson never used to get attention for calling out, but in his
new classroom it is the only way the teacher attends to any
students so he calls out more.
d. Jessie’s long legs give her a long stride, which increases the
distance she can cover and allows her to achieve record times
in races.
e. Jordan completes her class projects early because she is
gifted. |
|
Definition
d. Jessie’s long legs give her a long stride, which increases
the distance she can cover and allows her to achieve
record times in races. |
|
|
Term
Which is the behavioral impact of behavioral history?
a. Frank volunteered to help pick up trash on the side of the road
and had a soda bottle thrown at him. When picking volunteer
slots he never picks roadside clean up.
b. Sally has seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high, and she
takes an antihistamine.
c. Samson never used to get attention for calling out, but in his
new classroom it is the only way the teacher attends to any
students so he calls out more.
d. Jessie’s long legs give her a long stride, which increases the
distance she can cover and allows her to achieve record times
in races.
e. Jordan completes her class projects early because she is
gifted. |
|
Definition
a. Frank volunteered to help pick up trash on the side of the
road and had a soda bottle thrown at him. When picking
volunteer slots he never picks roadside clean up. |
|
|
Term
Which is the behavioral impact of current physiology?
a. Frank volunteered to help pick up trash on the side of the road
and had a soda bottle thrown at him. When picking volunteer
slots he never picks roadside clean up.
b. Sally has seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high, and
she takes an antihistamine.
c. Samson never used to get attention for calling out, but in his
new classroom it is the only way the teacher attends to any
students so he calls out more.
d. Jessie’s long legs give her a long stride, which increases the
distance she can cover and allows her to achieve record times
in races.
e. Jordan completes her class projects early because she is gifted. |
|
Definition
b. Sally has seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high, and
she takes an antihistamine.
seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high |
|
|
Term
Which is the behavioral impact of current reinforcement?
a. Frank volunteered to help pick up trash on the side of the road
and had a soda bottle thrown at him. When picking volunteer
slots he never picks roadside clean up.
b. Sally has seasonal allergies but hates the grogginess from
taking antihistamines. Today the pollen count is high, and she
takes an antihistamine.
c. Samson never used to get attention for calling out, but in his
new classroom it is the only way the teacher attends to any
students so he calls out more.
d. Jessie’s long legs give her a long stride, which increases the
distance she can cover and allows her to achieve record times
in races.
e. Jordan completes her class projects early because she is gifted. |
|
Definition
c. Samson never used to get attention for calling out, but in
his new classroom it is the only way the teacher attends to
any students so he calls out more.
the only way the teacher attends to
any students so he calls out more. |
|
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