Term
| Which of the following is an example of an ontological assumption of a radical behaviorist? a. Jennifer attributes her student’s frequent outbursts to him having received attention for them in the past b. Tony believes that his employees are lazy because they are all millennials and Gen Zers c. Mark states that his son never fell for his practical jokes because he inherited his mother’s cleverness d. Sarah tries to ignore the noises her car makes and tells herself it’s all in her mind |
|
Definition
| Jennifer attributes her student’s frequent outbursts to him, having received attention for them in the past. Explanation: Jennifer’s example, we see that her explanation for behavior relies on a history of observable and measurable events. |
|
|
Term
Gabrielle assured Michael that the problems at
work were “all in his head.” “No, they’re not,
Gabrielle!” Michael said. “They’re very real, and
I have to figure them out, fast.” Michael’s
statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Rationalism
d. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nicole sat down and thought, “Okay, I can
figure out this problem with my student. I just
need to think of every possible solution.”
This statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Rationalism
c. Materialism
d. Empirism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When her friends looked at her in awe and asked
how she learned to be so good at the video game,
Denise replied, “It took a lot of trying and failing.
Trust me. I poured hours into this and made a lot of
mistakes before I got to be this good.” Denise’s
statement is an example of which of the following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Empiricism
d. Rationalism |
|
Definition
C. Empiricism
The statement of “trying and failing” is a great example of learning through direct experience, which is a hallmark of empiricism. |
|
|
Term
Tyler is running. He begins to feel a cramp and
reaches for his side. His friend, Margaret, who
is running beside him says, “Ignore the pain! It’s
all in your head. Just keeping going!” Margaret’s
statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Rationalism
d. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Toxic substances, if ingested, will always cause significant pain.
• Is this an assumption or a fact about the world?
A. Assumption
B. Fact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Assumptions
A. Cannot be tested
B. Can be proven
C. Cannot be proven
D. Are often tested |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Behavior is something we can see. This assumption is:
A. Epistemological
B. Ontological |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An epistemological assumption might be that:
A. We learn about the world through our experiences with it
B. We can’t learn about the world, since it is not real |
|
Definition
| A. We learn about the world through our experiences with it |
|
|
Term
Things in the world only exist in our ‘minds’. Which assumption?
A. Materialism
B. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Materialism holds that physical stuff exists:
A. Independent of us
B. Dependent on us |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Things in the world are not physical objects; instead, they are
constructed in our ‘minds’. This is not a(n) _______ assumption but is
_______.
A. Idealist, epistemological
B. Materialist, ontological
C. Idealist, ontological
D. Materialist, epistemological |
|
Definition
| B. Materialist, ontological |
|
|
Term
The world is not an idea and forms do not exist separately. ______
held this ______ assumption.
A. Aristotle, epistemological
B. Aristotle, ontological
C. Plato, ontological
D. Plato, materialist
2 0 |
|
Definition
| B. Aristotle, ontological |
|
|
Term
Radical behaviorism holds that consciousness and labels are:
A. Within the realm of radical behaviorism
B. Assumed to be causal agents of behavior
C. Immaterial and not real
D. Material and not real
2 3 |
|
Definition
C. Immaterial and not real
ex. self-esteem |
|
|
Term
Fear, as a cause of behavior, would be supported by:
A. Ontologists
B. Epistemologists
C. Materialists
D. Idealists
2 5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With which philosopher would Skinner and Watson more closely align?
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
2 7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unlike idealism and ______, empiricism and ______ are:
A. Materialism, behaviorism, mutually exclusive
B. Empiricism, rationalism, not mutually exclusive
C. Materialism, rationalism, not mutually exclusive
D. Rationalism, materialism, mutually exclusive
3 0 |
|
Definition
| C. Materialism, rationalism, not mutually exclusive |
|
|
Term
Working through a problem by thinking about the steps that might be
useful in solving that problem is:
A. Rationalism
B. Materialism
C. Empiricism
D. Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why might I, as an empiricist, reject innateness?
A. It directly conflicts with the idea of materialism
B. It directly conflicts with the idea of rationalism
C. It would mean that we do not learn through our experiences, but are
born a certain way |
|
Definition
C. It would mean that we do not learn through our experiences, but
are born a certain way |
|
|
Term
Believing that autism is caused by vaccines, even in the presence of
empirical studies proving otherwise, fits which of Bacon’s idols?
A. Our intuition about something is correct
B. Blind allegiance to a framework
C. Biases due to labeling
D. Biases in our background |
|
Definition
| B. Blind allegiance to a framework |
|
|
Term
Hume’s Law of Resemblance is exemplified by:
A. Thinking of a dog leads me to thinking about previous dogs I owned
B. Thinking of my vacation leads me to thinking about the scary flight to
get there
C. Thinking about my weight leads me to thinking about the overeating I
did in the past few weeks |
|
Definition
A. Thinking of a dog leads me to thinking about previous dogs I
owned
Is ‘B’ the Law of Contiguity or the Law of Cause and Effect? |
|
|
Term
ASR
• Bacon’s idol of biases due to labeling is exemplified by?
A. Stating that introverted people are always shy
B. Thinking of a dog leads me to thinking about previous dogs I owned
C. Stating that all individuals with autism require different levels of
support and instruction
D. Thinking about my weight leads me to thinking about the overeating I
did in the past few weeks |
|
Definition
| A. Stating that introverted people are always shy |
|
|
Term
Columbus’ sailing to the East and Copernicus’ discovery that Earth
was not the center of the universe had what impact:
A. They challenged previously held facts
B. They allowed for information to be shared across cultures
C. They challenged previously held assumptions about the world
D. They had little impact |
|
Definition
| c. They challenged previously held assumptions about the world |
|
|
Term
Materialistic monism states:
A. There is no mind, only body
B. There is no body, only mind
C. There is no body nor mind
D. There is both a body and a mind
5 4 |
|
Definition
| A. There is no mind, only body |
|
|
Term
Klaus is a teacher and wants to tackle disruptions in his
classroom. He chooses to have students take a 5-minute walk
and think about how disruptions effect others because he
believes that learning comes from reflection.
This is which type of assumption?
a. Ontological
b. Epistemological
c. Radicalogical
d. Physiological |
|
Definition
B. Epistemological
Its this because hink about how disruptions effect others because he
believes that learning comes from reflection
Epistemological, learning comes from thinking. |
|
|
Term
Brenda wants to learn how to heal human ailments and
chooses to become a medical doctor because she believes
these ailments come from physical sources.
This is which type of assumption?
a. Ontological
b. Epistemological
c. Radicalogical
d. Physiological |
|
Definition
A. Ontological
Why it is because she believes
these ailments come from physical sources.
Ontological, the world is made of physical matter. |
|
|
Term
The world we experience is the real world!
This describes which philosopher’s answer to ontological
questions?
a. Plato’s idealism
b. Aristotle’s materialism |
|
Definition
b. Aristotle’s materialism
Note: The world we experience is the material world or the real
world rather than an idea or shadow of the real world. |
|
|
Term
The world is seen through a filter that casts a shadow of the
pure forms.
This describes which philosopher’s answer to ontological
questions?
a. Plato’s idealism
b. Aristotle’s materialism |
|
Definition
Plato
The world we experience is not the real world but a shadow
of the real world or “pure forms”. |
|
|
Term
Select all of the following, which are a radical behaviorist’s
answers to questions regarding the nature of behavior.
Multiple answers!
a. Behavior is physical and objectively measurable
b. Behavior is caused by knowable states
c. Behavior is caused by natural environmental events
d. Behavior is caused by unknowable states |
|
Definition
a. Behavior is physical and objectively measurable
b. Behavior is caused by knowable states
c. Behavior is caused by natural environmental events
d. Behavior is caused by unknowable states
Note: Behavior is caused by observable, knowable, natural
environmental events. Not mental states! |
|
|
Term
The musician is offended by Geralt’s behavior and develops
an inferiority complex in Geralt’s presence.
Is this an ontological assumption of radical behaviorists?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
The musician is offended by Geralt’s behavior and develops
an inferiority complex in Geralt’s presence.
Is this an ontological assumption of radical behaviorists?
b. No
Note: Offense and inferiority complexes are events of the mind
and therefore not grounded in the material world. |
|
|
Term
What is true regarding radical behaviorism?
a. Radical behaviorism is neither materialistic or idealistic
b. Radical behaviorism is materialistic
c. Radical behavior is idealistic
d. Radical behavior is both materialistic and idealistic |
|
Definition
b. Radical behaviorism is materialistic
Note: Appeals to a material environment. |
|
|
Term
Geralt slaps the musician because they are playing music too
loud, and the musician typically stops playing after being
slapped.
Is this an ontological assumption of radical behaviorists?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
A. yes
Note: Appeal to a history of cause and effect in the material world. |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Hume?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance). |
|
Definition
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as
law of resemblance).
Note: Knowledge and ideas interconnect – 3 Laws of Association. |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Aristotle?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance). |
|
Definition
| b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him. |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Locke?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance). |
|
Definition
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
Note: Tabula Rasa, Blank Slate, or Empty Vessel that is filled by
experience |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Descartes?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance). |
|
Definition
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
te: Descartes the mathematical rationalist. Developed analytic
geometry and the cartesian coordinate system (graphing!). |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Bacon?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance) |
|
Definition
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
Note: “Knowledge is power.” Science can be used to solve
problems! Managing bias with the 4 idols. |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Plato?
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
b. Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him.
c. Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical
perspectives.
d. Focused on observations and the inductive method.
e. States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from
experience or reflection.
f. Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of
resemblance). |
|
Definition
a. States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an
abstract ideal form.
Note: The world as a shadow created by the mind of Plato’s
abstract forms. |
|
|
Term
Which is materialism?
a. Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and
that reality cannot be accessed directly.
b. Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can
physically sense, that is what is most important.
c. Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and
thinks about the attitude he is expressing.
d. Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from
feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits. |
|
Definition
b. Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can
physically sense, that is what is most
important
Note: The world is a physical, material thing. |
|
|
Term
Which is empiricism?
a. Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and
that reality cannot be accessed directly.
b. Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can
physically sense, that is what is most important.
c. Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and
thinks about the attitude he is expressing.
d. Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from
feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits |
|
Definition
d. Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes
from feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits.
Note: Knowledge comes from experience and feedback! |
|
|
Term
Dayna gets stuck in her head, always convincing herself that
she doesn’t get anything done because she is lazy and
feeling down most of the day. Mike pops in and reminds her
that she is not depressed or lazy, she just needs to start by
making lists and work in small steps to complete each item
on the list.
Mike’s statement takes the view of a(n):
a. Idealist
b. Rationalist
c. Materialist
d. Empiricist |
|
Definition
c. Materialist
Note: An appeal to environmental arrangements and material
solutions rather than mental states or traits |
|
|
Term
Which is idealism?
a. Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and
that reality cannot be accessed directly.
b. Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can
physically sense, that is what is most important.
c. Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and
thinks about the attitude he is expressing.
d. Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from
feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits. |
|
Definition
a. Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real,
and that reality cannot be accessed directly
Note: The world we experience is a shadow filtered from the pure
forms and not directly accessed. |
|
|
Term
Which is rationalism?
a. Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and
that reality cannot be accessed directly.
b. Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can
physically sense, that is what is most important.
c. Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and
thinks about the attitude he is expressing.
d. Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from
feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits. |
|
Definition
c. Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits
and thinks about the attitude he is expressing
Note: Knowledge comes from thinking and reason |
|
|
Term
When asked how old he is, Kunu says he doesn’t believe in
age or numbers. If he feels 16 one day, he’ll tell people he is
16. If he feels 40 one day, he’ll tell people he is 40.
Kunu’s statement takes the view of a(n):
a. Idealist
b. Rationalist
c. Materialist
d. Empiricist |
|
Definition
a. Idealist
doesn’t believe in
age or numbers. If he feels 16 one day, he’ll tell people he is
16. If he feels 40 one day, he’ll tell people he is 40. Note: Reality is what the mind perceives or filters it to be. |
|
|
Term
Graham publishes papers on the conceptual analysis of
behavior. His work reflects a world view that behavior is
caused solely by physical events.
Which type is this?
a. Idealistic monism
b. Materialistic monism
c. Neutral monism
d. Dualism |
|
Definition
b. Materialistic monism
behavior is
caused solely by physical events.
Note: Behavior is a physical material event. |
|
|
Term
In which way(s) is behavior analysis not mechanistic?
a. Both behavior and its cause can be observed and studied.
b. Behavior can change when the environment changes.
c. The underlying traits responsible for behavior are innate.
d. It is impossible to know the ultimate cause of behavior as it is
variable. |
|
Definition
| b. Behavior can change when the environment changes |
|
|
Term
Freida sees the mental and the physical as both relevant, but
ultimately just a piece of a larger reality that the mind and
body are expressions of.
Which type is this?
a. Idealistic monism
b. Materialistic monism
c. Neutral monism
d. Dualism |
|
Definition
C. NEAUTRAL MONISM
Note: The third thing that is both mind and body. |
|
|
Term
ASR
❑The idea of cognition comes from:
a. Aristotle’s materialism
b. Plato’s idealism
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
q Which of the following is an example of an
ontological assumption of a radical behaviorist?
a. Jennifer attributes her student’s frequent
outbursts to him having received attention for
them in the past
b. Tony believes that his employees are lazy
because they are all millennials and Gen Zers
c. Mark states that his son never fell for his
practical jokes because he inherited his
mother’s cleverness
d. Sarah tries to ignore the noises her car makes
and tells herself it’s all in her mind |
|
Definition
a. Jennifer attributes her student’s frequent
outbursts to him having received attention for
them in the past |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are
epistemological assumptions?
❑Idealism
❑Empiricism
❑Rationalism
❑Materialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
❑Idealism and materialism are _____
exclusive; rationalism and empiricism
are _____ exclusive.
a. Mutually, mutually
b. Not mutually, not mutually
c. Mutually, not mutually
d. Not mutually, mutually |
|
Definition
| C. Mutually, Not Mutually |
|
|
Term
ASR
Gabrielle assured Michael that the problems at
work were “all in his head.” “No, they’re not,
Gabrielle!” Michael said. “They’re very real, and
I have to figure them out, fast.” Michael’s
statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Rationalism
d. Empiricism |
|
Definition
C. Materialism
This example directly argues with idealism by indicating that matter is of the utmost importance, making materialism the correct answer here. Where idealism focuses on phenomenon related to the mind, materialism focuses on what exists as important. This is not an example of rationalism or empiricism, as it does address ways in which knowledge is obtained. It is not rationalism as it does not refer to knowledge gained through thought exercises, nor is it an example of empiricism since this example lacks any indication of direct interaction with the environment as a source of information. |
|
|
Term
Nicole sat down and thought, “Okay, I can
figure out this problem with my student. I just
need to think of every possible solution.”
This statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Rationalism
c. Materialism
d. Empiricism |
|
Definition
B. Rationalism
In this example, Nicole is applying logic to the scenario by identifying the problem and finding every possible solution. She does not take time to explain what the problem is through a functional lens as one might do through empiricism. Additionally, there is no mention of the problem occurring in her mind, which allows us to rule out idealism. This example also does not suggest that Nicole is focused on matter, which allows us to rule out materialism as a possible answer here. |
|
|
Term
When her friends looked at her in awe and asked
how she learned to be so good at the video game,
Denise replied, “It took a lot of trying and failing.
Trust me. I poured hours into this and made a lot of
mistakes before I got to be this good.” Denise’s
statement is an example of which of the following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Empiricism
d. Rationalism |
|
Definition
c. empiricism
Correct
The statement of “trying and failing” is a great example of learning through direct experience, a hallmark of empiricism. Denise has engaged in the behavior, learned an outcome, and adapted through experimentation, which would make empiricism the correct answer in this scenario. We do not see a focus on the problem being of Denise’s mind (idealism), nor do we see her apply logic to resolve a problem (rationalism). Additionally, we do not see her focus on matter as a key element to the problem, which allows us to rule out materialism. |
|
|
Term
Tyler is running. He begins to feel a cramp and
reaches for his side. His friend, Margaret, who
is running beside him says, “Ignore the pain! It’s
all in your head. Just keeping going!” Margaret’s
statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Idealism
b. Materialism
c. Rationalism
d. Empiricism |
|
Definition
a. Idealism
Correct
In this example, the phrase, “It’s all in your head” is an example of idealism. Remember that idealism typically deals with metaphysical views related to the mind, so the comment that something is “all in your head” would suggest that the focus is on the mind and not the environment surrounding the behavior. We can rule out materialism in this example since there is no discussion about matter. There is no clear logic or rationale provided in this example, which is a central tenet of rationalism. For this to be an example of empiricism, there would need to be some demonstration of the phenomenon through some form of experimentation. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Plato and Descartes were both
empiricists
b. Plato and Descartes were both
rationalists.
c. Plato was a rationalist, whereas
Descartes was an empiricist.
d. Plato was an empiricist, whereas
Descartes was a rationalist. |
|
Definition
b. Plato and Descartes were both
rationalists.
Plato and Descartes were both rationalists. They believed that the world is learned about through the process of rational thought. |
|
|
Term
Where do empiricists argue that
ideas come from?
a. Through cognitive development
b. They are innate
c. Through interactions with the
environment
d. All of these |
|
Definition
c. Through interactions with the
environment. |
|
|
Term
❑Which of the following philosophers
were empiricists?
❑Aristotle
❑Francis Bacon
❑John Locke
❑Rene Descartes
❑Plato |
|
Definition
❑Aristotle
❑Francis Bacon
❑John Locke |
|
|
Term
❑Who ascribed to an inductive
approach to reaching conclusions?
a. Plato
b. Rene Descartes
c. Francis Bacon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
❑Which of the following is/are true of
the inductive method?
❑Known as the “top-down” approach
❑Data informs theory
❑Used by behavior analysis
❑Involves testing hypotheses |
|
Definition
❑Data informs theory
❑Used by behavior analysis |
|
|
Term
What did Bacon mean by the “four idols”?
a. They were the tenets of rational
philosophy
b. They were the “pillars” of empirical
thought
c. They were sources of error in scientific
investigation
d. They were great philosophers that should
be followed |
|
Definition
c. They were sources of error in scientific
investigation. |
|
|
Term
What is the source of ideas
according to John Locke?
a. Innate
b. Experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following best describes
Hume’s ideas about God?
a. He believed that there is an innate idea
of God
b. He eliminated God as the mediator of
reality
c. He rejected the idea of God
d. He strongly associated God with overt
actions |
|
Definition
b. He eliminated God as the mediator of
reality |
|
|
Term
Everything that we experience is a filtered
version of the material manifestation of
the object. This is an example of a
contribution made by which philosopher?
a. Aristotle
b. Locke
c. Plato
d. Hume |
|
Definition
C. Plato
Plato argued that our experiences are related to the duality of the mind and body, where the material world is experienced by our bodies and translated by our minds. This example of idealism illustrates that our experiences are primarily within our mind and not a direct result of experimentation or replication. Aristotle focused more on logic and applying logic to scenarios, making him more of a rationalist than an idealist. John Locke and David Hume are both well known for being empiricists rather than other schools of thought. |
|
|
Term
❑_____ minimize the importance of
the world outside the mind in
developing knowledge, and _____
maximize it.
a. Idealists; materialists
b. Empiricists; rationalists
c. Materialists; idealists
d. Rationalists; empiricists |
|
Definition
| d. Rationalists; empiricists |
|
|
Term
Select the pair(s) of terms that are most
often associated:
❑ Idealism and rationalism
❑ Idealism and materialism
❑ Idealism and empiricism
❑ Materialism and rationalism
❑ Materialism and empiricism
❑ Rationalism and empiricism |
|
Definition
Idealism and rationalism
Materialism and empiricism |
|
|
Term
Match the term with its related
phrase:
❑Ontology = ___1___
❑Epistemology = ___2____
A Nature of being
B. Nature of Knowing |
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Definition
1.A. Nature of Being
2.B. Nature of Knowing |
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Term
❑The idea of the mind came into early
psychology through:
a. Natural philosophy
b. Principles of psychology
c. Moral philosophy
d. Hard sciences |
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Definition
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Term
Who is considered the father of
psychology?
a. John Watson
b. William James
c. Herbert Spencer
d. William Whewell |
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Definition
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Term
Match the description to the
corresponding type of monism:
❑Everything is physical = ___1.____
❑Mind is dominant; body, secondary
= __2._____
❑Spiritual and physical merge = 3.
A. MATERIALISTIC Monism
B. IDEALIST Monism
C. Neutral Monism |
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Definition
1. A. Materialistic Monism
2. B. Idealist Monism
3. C. Neutral Monism |
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Term
Erma cares very little about what others feel
about how she plays her flute. She says, “All
that matters is how I hear it in my mind.” This
statement is an example of which of the
following?
a. Dualism
b. Idealistic monism
c. Materialistic monism
d. Neutral monism |
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Definition
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Term
While her friend suggests she try to keep her
mind off the pain from an injury, Nora says,
“There’s no such thing as a mind! The
physical pain is there no matter what I do!”
Nora’s statement is an example of which of
the following?
a. Idealistic monism
b. Neutral monism
c. Materialistic monism
d. Dualism |
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Definition
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Term
The wise master tells his student, “Focus
not on your mind or body. For the ‘real
you’ is something larger than either of
those!” This statement is an example of
which of the following?
a. Dualism
b. Neutral monism
c. Idealistic monism
d. Materialistic monism |
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Definition
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Term
As Julia prepared to run her first marathon,
she thought, “Okay, I’ve got this. I’ve trained
my body to endure over 26 miles of running
and I’ve got my mind on the finish line. I can
do this!” This statement is an example of
which of the following?
a. Dualism
b. Idealistic monism
c. Materialistic monism
d. Neutral monism |
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Definition
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Term
❑ Match the assumption with the
doctrine:
❑ There is only body = ______1._
❑ There is mind and body, and they are
one = _2.______
❑ There is only mind = ___3.____
❑ There is mind and body, but they are
separate = ___4.____
a. Dualism
b. Idealistic monism
c. Materialistic monism
d. Neutral monism
E. Mentalistic |
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Definition
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Term
❑If someone holds the assumption
that everything is physical and the
mind does not exist, they subscribe
to which philosophical position?
a. Physicalism
b. Neutral monism
c. Dualism
d. Mentalistic monism |
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Definition
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Term
❑If someone holds the assumption
that the spiritual and physical merge
into a single reality, they subscribe to
which philosophical position?
a. Physicalism
b. Neutral monism
c. Dualism
d. Mentalistic monism |
|
Definition
B. Neutral Monism
The assumption that the spiritual and physical merge into a single reality is a doctrine of neutral monism. Physicalism or materialistic monism suggest that everything is physical, and the mind does not exist. Dualism suggests that mind and body are separate entities and interact with each other in different ways. Mentalistic or idealist monism holds the doctrine of mind only as dominant and the body secondary. |
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Term
If someone holds the assumption
that the mind is most important and
the body secondary, they subscribe
to which philosophical position?
a. Physicalism
b. Neutral monism
c. Dualism
d. Mentalistic monism |
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Definition
|
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Term
❑If someone holds the assumption
that mind and body are separate
entities, they subscribe to which
philosophical position?
a. Physicalism
b. Neutral monism
c. Dualism
d. Mentalistic monism |
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Definition
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Term
❑ Which psychophysicist is known for his
theories on the relation between stimuli
and sensations evoked?
a. Herman Helmholtz
b. Gustav Fechner
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. Ernst Weber
e. E. B. Titchener |
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Definition
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Term
❑ Which psychophysicist is known for
developing a way to measure the
differences between visual stimuli and
sensation?
a. Herman Helmholtz
b. Gustav Fechner
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. Ernst Weber
e. E. B. Titchener |
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Definition
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Term
❑ Which psychophysicist expanded on
Weber’s idea of measuring physiological
experiences and relating them to physical
changes?
a. Herman Helmholtz
b. Gustav Fechner
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. Ernst Weber
e. E. B. Titchener |
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Definition
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Term
Who identified experimental psychology
as a discipline separate from physiology
and philosophy?
a. Herman Helmholtz
b. Gustav Fechner
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. Ernst Weber
e. E. B. Titchener |
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Definition
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Term
Identify Descartes’s beliefs about the human
body:
❑ Humans and animals are made of the same
materials
❑ The human mind and body interact
❑ The body controls the mind
❑ The mind and body communicate through
the pineal gland
❑ Mind and body are aspects of a third reality |
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Definition
The human mind and body interact
Descartes was philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who studied the human body and mind. He believed that humans and animals are made of the same materials. He was a dualist of the belief that the mind and body interact, and they communicate with each other through the pineal gland. |
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Term
Who advanced the idea of the
mechanical view of the human body?
a. Descartes
b. Julien de la Mettrie
c. Marcello Malpighi
d. Aristotle |
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Definition
B. Julien De La Mettrie
Correct
Julien de la Mettrie was a French materialist, empiricist, determinist and reductionist. He wrote a book in 1748 called L’Homme Machine (Man, the Machine) which compared the workings of the human body to a machine. This was controversial at the time and rejected as heresy by many. Descartes (1596–1650) presented ideas about human voluntary and involuntary movements and what causes these behaviors. Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) viewed the heart as the spiritual center of the body communicating with the rest of the body. Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) discovered capillaries and conducted microscopic studies of human organs. |
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Term
Which philosopher believed that nerves
filled with “animal spirits” carry
information between the brain and
extremities?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Bacon
d. Descartes |
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Definition
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Term
q Which of the following completes the sentence to
create an example of behavior analysis as
mechanistic?
Maddie suggests that her client’s outbursts
following the presentation of non-preferred tasks is
__________.
a. Because she did not yet possess the maturity
characteristic of her age
b. Due to the presence of distracting stimuli in her
immediate environment
c. A natural part of her growing up
d. As a result of repressed trauma |
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Definition
b.b. Due to the presence of distracting stimuli in her
immediate environment |
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Term
❑Identify ways in which the concepts
of behavior analysis can be
considered mechanistic:
❑Our scientific subject matter
(behavior) has known causes
❑Behavior is fixed and unchanging
❑Supernatural causes are excluded |
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Definition
Our scientific subject matter
(behavior) has known causes
Supernatural causes are excluded |
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Term
Identify ways in which the concepts of
behavior analysis are not mechanistic:
❑ Behavior is not automatic
❑ Behavior is not endlessly repetitive
❑ Behavior is not predictable
❑ Behavior is not without variation
❑ Behavior is not insensitive to input |
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Definition
❑ Behavior is not automatic
❑ Behavior is not endlessly repetitive
❑ Behavior is not without variation
❑ Behavior is not insensitive to input |
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Term
Match the medication with rationale for its use: ❑Depression = ___1____ ❑Antipsychotic = ____2___ ❑Sedative = __3_____ ❑Anti-anxiety (anxiolytic) = ___4____
A. Pentobarbital
B.Lithium
c.Thorazine
d. Barbituates |
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Definition
1. B Lithium
2.C. Thorazine
3.D. Barbituates
4. A. Pentobarbital |
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Term
So, Is Behavior Analysis Mechanistic?
A. yES
B. NO |
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Definition
qYES: In that all scientific subject matter has causes that are knowable and supernatural causes are excluded
qNO: Behavior is not endlessly repetitive and without variation or sensitivity to changing input (of course some machines are, too!) |
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Term
Which of the following completes the sentence to create an example of behavior analysis as mechanistic? Maddie suggests that her client’s outbursts following the presentation of non-preferred tasks is __________.
a. Because she did not yet possess the maturity characteristic of her age
b. Due to the presence of distracting stimuli in her immediate environment
c. A natural part of her growing up d. As a result of repressed trauma |
|
Definition
| b. Due to the presence of distracting stimuli in her immediate environment |
|
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Term
| Identify ways in which the concepts of behavior analysis are not mechanistic: ❑ Behavior is not automatic ❑ Behavior is not endlessly repetitive ❑ Behavior is not predictable ❑ Behavior is not without variation ❑ Behavior is not insensitive to input |
|
Definition
❑ Behavior is not automatic ❑ Behavior is not endlessly repetitive
❑ Behavior is not without variation ❑ Behavior is not insensitive to input |
|
|
Term
| Identify ways in which the concepts of behavior analysis can be considered mechanistic: ❑Our scientific subject matter (behavior) has known causes ❑Behavior is fixed and unchanging ❑Supernatural causes are excluded |
|
Definition
❑Supernatural causes are excluded
Our scientific subject matter (behavior) has known causes
|
|
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Term
which way(s) is behavior analysis
mechanistic?
A. Behavior is not unvarying and fixed
B. Behavior is caused by knowable and
objective events
C. Behavior is adaptive to changes and
circumstances
D. Behavior is caused by our thoughts and
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which way(s) is behavior analysis
mechanistic?
A. Behavior is not unvarying and fixed
B. Behavior is caused by knowable and
objective events
C. Behavior is adaptive to changes and
circumstances
D. Behavior is caused by our thoughts and mental attitudes. |
|
Definition
B. Behavior is caused by knowable and
objective events |
|
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Term
in which way(s) is behavior analysis NOT
mechanistic?
A. Both behavior and its cause can be observed and
studied
B.Behavior can change when the environment
changes
C. The underlying traits responsible for behavior are
innate
D.It is impossible to know the ultimate cause of
behavior as it is variable |
|
Definition
Behavior can change when the environment
changes |
|
|
Term
In which way(s) is behavior analysis mechanistic?
A.Behavior is caused by knowable and
objective events
B. Behavior is not unvarying and fixed
C. Behavior is adaptive to changes and
circumstances
D.Behavior is caused by our thoughts and
mental attitudes |
|
Definition
A.Behavior is caused by knowable and
objective events |
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