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The first serious criticism of the Family Compact following the War of 1812 came from Robert Gourlay a Scottish immigrant who arrived in Upper Canada in 1817.
Gourlay attacked the elite control of political power and called for more power for the elected Assembly. For his trouble, Gourlay was charged with sedition and banished from the colony in 1819. |
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| In 1826 a dozen Family Compact supporters, most of them lawyers or law students, broke into his newspaper office while he was absent and threw his typesetting equipment into a nearby body of water: the Types Riot. |
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Scottish immigrant 1820, in 1824 became editor & publisher of Colonial Advocate.
Types Riot,
Mackenzie decided to enter the political field himself, and he won a seat in the Upper Canadian Assembly in 1828. Expelled from the assembly on several occasions but each time they chose to re-elect Mackenzie, and the cycle of expulsion and re-election would begin again. |
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was not willing to go that far; they remained content with the British model of Responsible Government, where the governing executive council would be responsible to the Assembly. |
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| the Clear Grits led by another Scotsman by the name of George Brown, owner and editor of the Toronto Globe newspaper |
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| the man who eventually became the most prominent of the Fathers of Confederation and Canada’s first prime minister, was not really a fan of the idea of working toward British North American Union at first, but working with Brown and Cartier in a large coalition was at least a way to stay in power. |
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| Charles Tupper of Nova Scotia, Samuel Leonard Tilley of New Brunswick and John Hamilton Gray of PEI |
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| The three Maritime premiers thus began to contemplate the idea of Maritime Union, although they had no specific plans to meet to discuss specifics as of yet. |
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| Quebec Resolutions One factor which helped the delegates to reach agreement was a renewed threat from the US arising out of an incident known as St. Albans Raid which occurred in the midst of the Quebec Conference (October 1864). |
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| “Take a Nova Scotian to Ottawa, away above tide-water, freeze him up for five months, where he cannot view the Atlantic, smell salt water, or see the sail of a ship, and the man will pine and die.”The father of Responsible Government in Nova Scotia. |
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| NB Lieutenant Governor was instructed by British government officials to do everything he could to intervene in colonial affairs to get Confederation back on track |
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| Thought the best way to defeat France is to take out smaller colonies. Was leading the colony of New France. |
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| 1780's became the Governor of Nova Scotia, during the time of the American Revolution and arrive of Loyalists. |
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| were clerks the carried records of the NWC and the HBC. Was an inland trader and stockholder. |
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1814 MacDonell issued the notorious “pemmican proclamation”, which forbade the export of provisions from the jurisdiction over which he claimed authority, a claim contested by the NWC.
Forbid the export of pemmican from his jurisdiction. |
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| Had no influence over Government, strong advocate for democracy. Was the chef author of the 92 resolutions, concept of responsible governement. More power to the people, could elect the legislative and executive council. |
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| British responding to the 92 resolutions, replying with 10 resoltuions (saying NO!!). |
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led him to join with the rebels who fled to the United States. The leaders of the Patriotes voted for the quick establishment of a provisional government and the launch of an attack from the United States. Some important Patriotes voted against this idea, including Louis-Joseph Papineau. Robert Nelson was made General of the army and elected future President of the Republic of Lower Canada.
On February 28, 1838, Nelson encamped at Alburg in the State of Vermont with some 300 men. He proclaimed the independence of Lower Canada and distributed copies of a declaration of independence |
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| are men that paddeled furs back and forth, they where 5'6 no taller, they had to travel 38 portages. 6 weeks and 1000 miles 12-18 hours days of paddeling had one 2 hour break, could paddle on stroke a secound. 2 canoe groups the frieght canoes (rookies) and the North canoes "North Men". |
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Thus, on June 30, 1864 the so-called Great Coalition was formed consisting of Brown and the Clear Grits, Macdonald and the Tories, and Cartier and the Bleus, the goal being to pursue the idea of a union of the BNA colonies. The Great Coalition government was never elected on this agenda; this was entirely a back room political deal although they eventually went public with it. This is a reminder that Confederation was a top-down affair, not the product of a grass-roots movement of the people. |
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| were radical Irish republicans dedicated to winning Irish independence from Great Britain. talked of invading Canada and holding it for ransom until Ireland was granted its freedom. The Fenian Raids were thus relatively minor in the end, but their timing proved ideal in terms of boosting the Confederation cause, especially in New Brunswick |
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| lead the British assault on Quebec City. Wolfe then led 200 ships with 9,000 soldiers and 18,000 sailors on a very bold and risky amphibious landing at the base of the cliffs west of Quebec along the St. Lawrence River. He fought against the french, made two long lines of his soilders, usually 3 lines was a mile long. Each man had 2 balls in their muskets. British defeated them in 15 minutes. Wolfe was hit 3 times, died on the plains of abraham. Fought against Marquis de Montcalm. |
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| Sept 13 1759, was the battle of Abraham, he thought he secered the city of New France well, thought it to be impossible to come of the cliff (60 meter). During battle after the French took first shot the British advanced (still slightly forming their lines), shoot 40 yards away didn't hit them. French begin to retreat to Quebec. Montcalm dies right after battle. |
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| Battle of the Plains of Abraham |
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| Sept 13 1759, British (James Wolfe) and French (Marquis de Moncalm). British wins battle in 15 minutes, both died in the battle, britiah climbs up cliff, Mont. didn't think possible, set up in 2 rows and made a mile long line. French was distorted missed first shot, highlanders advanced with swords, said to beable to cut a man in half. 1300 men killed and wounded. |
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| Was the leader of the 2nd plains of abrham, was spose to be an easy win. Hard winter to go through. Mad many of the same mistakes Montcalm made, in the end defeated British, not often heard of because British wrote history. |
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| (1777–1784) was a British provincial regiment composed of Loyalists (or "Tories") in the American Revolutionary War, raised by Loyalist John Butler. Made up of some former black slaves. Were accused of many massacres earning them the rep of being savages. |
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| was a Mohawk chief who helped gain Indian support for the British in the French and Indian War between 1754 and 1763. From 1763 to 1776, Brant and his tribe assisted the British in the American Revolution by attacking the American settlers. |
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| NB Lieutenant Governor was instructed by British government officials to do everything he could to intervene in colonial affairs to get Confederation back on track. |
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| the general principles discussed at Charlottetown were drawn up into 72 formal Resolutions, and debated, and a Newfoundland delegation was present as well. With only a few minor changes, the terms agreed to at Quebec became the essence of the British North America Act, Canada’s first constitution. |
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| refused to accept advice from the Council, effectively negating its value. Violating accepted practice, Bond Head then actively campaigned for the Conservatives, as the pro-Family Compact forces were now becoming known. election was a battle between American republicanism and the British connection. the Conservatives were victorious. The Reformers on the Council resigned. Accused of takin offers of money and/or alcohol bought many a vote for Bond Head and the Conservatives. |
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| The Charlottetown Conference |
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| Charlottetown was all abuzz that September of 1864, Not for the election (not for commons), no welcoming. lasted a week and the idea of uniting all the BNA colonies soon took precedence over the idea of Maritime union which had never been seriously thought out anyway. |
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| Carleton helped pass the Quebec Act, which guaranteed Quebec's freedom of religion and French civil code. In 1782, Sir Guy Carleton was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the British forces to replace Sir Henry Clinton. His mission was to recognize the independence of the 13 colonies. Nova Scotia |
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| Radisson and Des Groseilliers |
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| 1659 radisson was kidnapped by the first nations people when he was 15 lived there for 2 years learnt about living, speacking thier culture, after he got home teamed up with his sisters husband Groseilliers. Wanted to find new fur, so they went to north of Lake Superior, and the wendat and odawa traded, they went to France, got introuble and all the furs taken, no lisense. So then they go to the British discissed as first nation furtraders tried to convince Prince rupert (not bying it). Given a charter, then they moved back to france. |
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| were American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain (and the British monarchyduring and after the American Revolutionary War.When their cause was defeated, about 20% of the Loyalists left the US to resettle in other parts of the British Empire, in Britain or elsewhere in British North America (especially New Brunswick), Blacks compensated by British claims procedures |
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