Term
What are our three post-classical themes?
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Definition
Increased Contact and Trade
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Statebuilding
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The change and spread of religion
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Term
How does Sui China relate to our three post classical themes?
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Definition
[State Building]: Set up the three ministries, the 26 commandries, and the six departments. They essentially established the government. Forced laborers completed public works in order to help cover taxes: road building, canal digging, grainery construction, palace building. Northern and Southern China were unified by the construction of the Grand Canal. Paddy rice farming and the growth of Champa rice helped to increase the amount of food they have, which allows them to increase the amount of people they have, which encouraged more urbanization.
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[Increased Contact and Trade]: The Grand Canal created in 605 sparked a transportation revolution. It was meant to be used by the military, but merchants took advantage of it to help spread trade. This canal also helped to unify northern and southern China, increasing contact between northern and southern China. There was a lot of contact with other countries as China tries to expand through war. They grew Champa rice which you could harvest quickly, which means that you can produce and trade rice faster. This increased the amount of food available, which allowed for more people, which allowed for more people to become merchants.
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[Spread and Change of Religion]:
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Term
How does the change and spread of religion relate to the Cosmopolitan Commercial Revolution in post classical Song China?
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Definition
Neo-Confucianism took hold over Buddhism, and became the more popular religion. The T'ang before them, practiced Buddhism, and Buddhism was the popular religion.
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Term
How does State Building relate to the Cosmopolitan Commercial Revolution in post classical Song China?
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Definition
Urbanization develops and cities continue to grow.
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Term
How does Increased Contact and Trade relate to the Cosmopolitan Commercial Revolution in post classical Song China?
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Definition
Urbanization in Song China lead to increased contact between many cultures. The cosmopolitan commercial revolution in post classical Song China lead to increased trade. The economy is based on the use of paper money, which standardized and increased trade. Urbanization increased manufacturing, which meant that there was more to trade, and that trade could be conducted faster.
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Term
How does Song China under Empress Wu relate to our three post classical themes?
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Definition
[State Building]: Empress Wu killed her son in order to take power. She relied on the new men, those who passed the civil service exam, to take on positions of power in the government which took power from rich nobles who would normally take on those positions. She forced families to divide their inheritance among their sons, which took power away from rich nobles who originally would give their inheritance to the eldest son in order to build wealth. The ministry of rights administered the civil service exams, which established whether or not one could be eligible for a government position. There are three exam levels: District, Provincial, and Imperial and each level grants one possible access to that level of government. The government began to grow due to the number of new men taking positions of power. The new men weren't very military minded, which hurt the military power of China.
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[Increased Contact and Trade]:
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[Spread and Change of Religion]:
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Term
How does Song China under the Mongols relate to our three post classical themes?
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Definition
[State Building]: The Mongols use all the pre-existing ideas left by Empress Wu, and only modify them slightly. They become more Chinese, they become sinicized.
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[Increased Contact and Trade]:
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[Spread and Change of Religion]:
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Term
What do cash economies do?
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Definition
Cash standardizes trade, which helps to make trade easier, which then increased trade.
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People began specializing their trade and production in order to accumulate cash, based on the resources available in their region.
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Cash was standardized by the government, which prevented people from simply creating their own money and having it backed by another person or bank.
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Term
What are great materials that the Chinese had access to which helped increase trade for China, as they are the only one's who can trade said materials with others?
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Definition
Silk
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Porcelain, who's production was monopolized by the government.
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Term
What technological advancements helped China increase the production of cotton and textiles for increased trade?
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Definition
Water powered textile mills and cotton gins
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Term
How did Porcelain help with State Building?
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Definition
It's production was monopolized by the government. Which helped to build China's economy.
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Term
During the T'ang, how did advancements in printing help to increase trade?
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Definition
Books were cheaper to create, which means books could be made faster, which meant more books could be created, the price of books fell, and more people traded for books as their lower prices made them more desirable.
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Term
Song China began producing tons of iron, which helps to do what?
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Definition
Increase China's trade of iron
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Term
In Song China they could produce ships that were nailed together which can navigate using rudders and had the help of compasses/maps, which did what?
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Definition
Increased China's ability to trade and contact with others, with the help of their ships.
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