intercostal muscle

Ventral rami come out in between middle and anterior scalene muscles and artery pass through

GSA – perception of pain, temperature, touch

GVA – sensory input from viscera

SA – smell, taste, vision, hearing, balance

GSE – motor to skeletal muscle

GVE – motor to smooth muscle, heart, glands

BE – motor to skeletal muscles derived from pharyngeal arch mesoderm

I olfactory

II optic

VIII vestibulocochlear

Nose, eyes, ear

III oculonomotor (GSE,GVE)

IV Trochlear(GSE)

VI Abducent(GSE)

XI accessory(GSE)

XII hypoglossal(GSE)

V trigeminal (arch 1-mandibular)

VII Facial (arch 2-hypoid)

IX Glossopharyngeal (arch 3- carotid)

X Vagus (arch 4th-superior laryngeal)

X vagus (arch 6th- recurrent laryngeal)

ganglion of cell body.

Arch 1: Meckel’s cartilage forms the mandible, malleus and incus (ear bones derived from amniote jaw bones).

Arch 2: Reichert’s cartilage forms the stylohyoid ligament, styloid process, stapes (another ear bone), and part of the hyoid

Arch 3: The cartilage in this arch forms part of the hyoid, particularly the greater horn and much of the body

Arch 4: This cartilage forms both the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

CN associate with placodes

These are embryologicallyassocated with structures called ‘placodes’- nose, eyes, ear
CN I with olfactory pit

CN II with optic placode

CN VIII with oticplacode

III-oculomotor (GSE, GVE)

IV-trochlear(GSE)

VI-abducent(GSE)

XI-accessory(GSE)

XII-hypoglossal(GSE)

V-trigeminals

VII-facial

IX-Glossalpharyngeal

X- vagus

unsegmented paraxial mesoderm sources of muscle associate with?

somitomeres is the sources of muscle associate with?

Note that the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm is the source of muscles that are associated with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pharyngeal arches, and the somitomeres that form the tongue are coming from a more caudal region of the embryo, hence their innervation from a more caudal cranial nerve, CN XII.