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| Epic of creation; creation account; Babylonian creation myth |
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| Called the earliest surviving work of literature; from Mesopotamia region |
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| Believes that the Pentateuch represents conflation of four different sources rather than the work of primarily one author, traditionally Moses |
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| J - Yahweh; Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers |
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| E - Elohim; Genesis 15 begins |
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| D - Deuteronomy; Deuteronomy only |
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| P - Priestly; Genesis 1 through Moses' death in Deuteronomy |
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| 1 Kings 6:1 - Exodus took place 480 years before the construction of Solomon's temple began. Some scholars spiritualize this to mean 12 tribes x 40 years of trials, which lets them use the 1270 BC date. Thutmose III's 60+ year reign makes him an ideal candidate as the Pharaoh of the oppression and his son Amenhotep II as the pharaoh of the Exodus. |
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| Judges 11:26 - Jephthah states that the Israelites had possession of the land for some 300 years. With a 1270 BC Exodus, he would had to have made that statement during Solomon's reign. Naturally, this scenario is untenable as Jephthah lived long before Solomon (or Saul, for that matter) was born. |
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| Use of Treaty Language in Deuteronomy |
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| In the Ancient Near East, treaties between kings were common. These were treaties drawn up among equals and mostly outlined agreements to honor each others boundaries, to maintain trade relations, and return run-away slaves. These treaties are preserved in the Mari Tablets and in the Amarna texts. Also preserved in these collections are treaties drafted between a superior and his inferior. If the relationship was familial or friendly, the parties are referred to as "father" and "son." If the relationship is bereft of kindness and intimacy, the parties are referred to as "lord" and "servant," or "king" and "vassal," or "greater king" and "lesser king." The greater king is the suzerain and the lesser king is a prince, or a lesser lord in the service of the greater king. The lesser lord is a representation of all the common people who are under the protection of the greater king. He enforces the treaty among the masses. |
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