Term
| Cause of external ear problems |
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Definition
1. Foreign body
2. Otitis externa - Staph. Aureus, Strep.
3. Swimmer's ear
4. Mastoiditis |
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Term
| Cause of middle ear problems |
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Definition
1. Otitis media - H.influenza, S.pneumo, (fullness in ear, diminished hearing, pain, fever)
2. Eustachian tube dysfunction - pressure balance alteration
3. Barotrauma |
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Term
| Most common cause of ear pain in children |
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Definition
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Term
| Alarm symptoms associated with ear pain |
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Definition
1. weight loss - tumor
2. persistent ear pain w/ discharge worse @ hs - S=necrotizing e. otitis / B=ordinary e.otits
3. Pain with chewing in pt.s over 50 - S=temporal arteritis / B=TMJ dysfunction
4. Pain and swelling behind ear in kids with recent URI or ear infection - S=mastoiditis / B=lymphandenopathy |
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Term
| Most common cause of hearing loss |
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Definition
| presbycusis - age related hearing loss |
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Term
| Alarm symptoms associated with hearing loss |
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Definition
1. Sudden or rapid onset - S=vascular embolism, ai disease, trauma, tm perforation, meningitis / B=viral cochleatitis, migraine, otitis media, medication
2. Rapidly progressive - S=ai disease, syphilis / B=ototoxic medications
3. Unilateral or Asymmetric - S=vascular embolism, acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease, ai disease / B=cerumen impaction
4. Tinnitus - S=acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease, trauma / B=noise induced, medication
5. Vertigo - S=ai disease, Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma, menigitis, syphilis / B=migraine, thyrotoxicosis, aminoglycosides, genetic |
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Term
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Definition
1. Conductive
2. Sensorineural
3. Presbycusis |
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Term
| Differentiate between 3 types of hearing loss |
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Definition
1. Conductive - mechanical transmission of sound to i.ear is blocked. Caused: cerumen impaction, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, TM perforation
2. Sensorineural - failure of auditory nerve. Caused: presbycusis or damage to cochlear air cells
3. Presbycusis - age related - loss of high freq. occurs 1st |
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Term
| Alarm symptoms with sore throat |
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Definition
1. Sore throat w/: drooling, resp.distress, trismus, stiff neck, muffled voice, erythema of neck. S=epiglottitis or supraglottitis, perit.abscess etc. Compl=sepsis, airway obstruction
2. Foreign body impaction or trauma. S=retropharyngeal abscess. Compl=sepsis, airway obstruction, spread to mediastinum, pleural space or pericardium
3. Fever, rash, diffuse adeonpathy, sore throat. S=Primary HIV infection. Compl=Transmission of disease
4. Recent cocaine smoking. S=mucosal burn injur to phrnx or lrnx Compl=respiratory obstruction |
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Term
Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents withhx of):
Bacterial pharyngitis |
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Definition
| sore throat, fever, cough, body ached, congestions, swollen lymph nodes, pus or white patches at back of throat |
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Term
Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents with hx of):
Acute epiglottitis |
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Definition
| rapid onset and progression, sore throat, pain/difficulty swallowing, muffled voice (Adults may have preseding URI) |
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Term
Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents with hx of):
Peritonsillar abscess |
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Definition
| sore throat, swollen area of inflammation, uvula shoved away from swollen side, fever and chills, swollen lymph nodes and tenderness |
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Term
Distinguish following condition - sore throat (presents with hx of):
Noninfectious causes |
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Definition
| hx of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis |
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Term
| Appropriate Hx ?s for prolonged hoarseness |
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Definition
1. Voice usage and volume?
2. GERD?
3. Singer?
4. Smoker?
5. Parkinson's?
6. Allergies?
7. Thyroid disease?
8. Cancer? |
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Term
| Alarm symptoms associated with diplopia |
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Definition
1. Eye pain or headache - S=menigitis, cerebral aneurysm, lesions, increase intr.cranial pressure / B=unrelated migraine, microvascular palsy
2. Facial numbness - S=cavernous sinus lesion
3. Facial, limb, weakness, numbness, imbalance, drowsiness - S=brainsem lesion, menigitis |
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Term
| 3 questions to ask with vertical diplopia |
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Definition
1. Which eye sees lower image?
2. Worse in left or right gaze?
3. Worse in up or down gaze?
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Term
| 3 questions to ask with horizontal diplopia |
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Definition
1. Which eye sees right-most image?
2. Worse in left or right gaze?
3. Worse for near or far vision? |
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Term
| Question to ask for monocular diplopia |
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Definition
1. Does one eye see double while other is covered?
If so, it is a refractory problem. Commonly a cataract in elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| an illusion or hallucination of movement, usually rotation, either of oneself or the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty with balance causing impaired walking. Described as "dizziness in the feet" |
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Term
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Definition
| dizziness that is not vertigo, syncope, or disequilibrium aka undifferentiated dizziness |
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Term
| What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? |
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Definition
| peripheral vestibular disorder caused by migration of inner ear otoliths |
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Term
| What is Vertebrobasilar insufficiency? |
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Definition
| reduced blood flow to the brainstem that causes vertigo, cranial nerve dysfunctions (diplopia, hoarseness) or cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia) |
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Term
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Definition
| causes pain and pressure in sinuses. Often accompanied by, post nasal drip |
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Term
| Describe temporal arteritis pain |
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Definition
| sudden/new onset pain, typically in temporal region, unilateral or bilateral, throbbing |
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Term
| Describe migraine associated pain |
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Definition
| begins with or without aura, unilateral or bilateral, usually hx of similar headaches, nausea |
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