Term
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Definition
| herat sound that occurs with ventricular systole and is produced by closure of AV valves |
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Term
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Definition
| heart sound that signifies the beginning of diastole and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves |
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Term
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Definition
| heart sound that occurs in early distole and corresponds with the 1st phase of rapid ventricular filling |
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Term
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Definition
| heart sound occuring in late diastole corresponding with atrial conraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard while auscultating a carotid artery, aorta, organ or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| a vessel in which blood flows away from the heart in the systemic circuit carrying oxygenated blood |
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Term
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Definition
| point of the chest where the impulse of the L ventricle is felt most strongly (normally the 5th intercostal space) |
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Term
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Definition
| the vibration accompanying a cardiac or vascular murmur detectible on palpation |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular end diastolic volume |
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Term
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Definition
| the resistance against which the left ventricle must eject its volume of blood during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat of the heart (= to difference between EDV and ESV) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to an erect or standing position |
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Term
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Definition
SBP - 120-139
DBP - 80-89 |
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Term
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Definition
| dilated, torturous, elongated superficial veins that are usually seen in the legs |
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Term
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Definition
| a short sharp sound in early diastole caused by abrupt halting at its maximal opening of an abnormal AV valve |
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Term
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Definition
| distention of the jugular vein induced by applying manual pressure over the liver - suggests insufficiency of the right heart and CHF |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage of the lymph vessels with a resulting accumulation of lymphatic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| fingers or toes suddenly experience decreased blood circulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
SBP - 140-159
DBP - 90-99 |
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Term
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Definition
SBP - greatern than 160
DBP - greater than 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| the most inferolateral point of visible or palpable pulsation of the chest wall due to movement of the apex of the heart |
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Term
| Name the location of heart sounds/murmurs in regards to the: Mitral Valve |
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Definition
| best heard around the cardiac apex |
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Term
| Name the location of heart sounds/murmurs in regards to the: Tricuspid Valve |
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Definition
| best heard at or near the lower left sternal border |
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Term
| Name the location of heart sounds/murmurs in regards to the: pulmonic valve |
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Definition
| best heard in the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to the sternum |
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Term
| Name the location of heart sounds/murmurs in regards to the: Aortic valve |
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Definition
| anywhere from the right 2nd interspace to the apex |
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Term
| Relationship of internal jugular vein to right atrial pressure: |
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Definition
| JVP reflects right atrial pressure. Pressure changes from right atrial filling, contraction, and emptying cause fluctuations in the JVP and its waveforms that are visible |
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Term
| What is the potential significance of increased amplitude or sustained contraction of the apical impulse? |
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Definition
| Increased amplitude may also reflect hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, pressure or volume overload of the left ventricle |
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Term
| Which is heard louder at the apex: S1 or S2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is heard louder at the base: S1 or S2 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of a thrill? |
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Definition
| Thrills are formed by the turbulence of underlying murmurs |
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to mitral regurgitation? |
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Definition
| diaphragm - radiates to the left axilla |
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to Tricuspid regurgitation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to an innocent murmur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to Aortic stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to pulmonic stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to aortic regurgitation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to mitral stenosis? |
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Definition
| bell - radiates little to none |
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to pericardial friction rub? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to patent ductus arteriosus? |
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Definition
| diaphragm - continuous murmur in both systole and diastole |
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to split S1? |
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Definition
| diaphragm along the lwoer left sternal border |
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to split S2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the stethoscope would you use to listen to clicks? |
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Definition
| diaphragm - usually caused by MVP - mid or late systolic |
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Term
| Systolic murmurs fall between? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diastolic murmurs fall between? |
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Definition
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Term
| Murmurs that coincide with carotid upstroke are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diastolic murmurs usually indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Systolic murmurs may indicate? |
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Definition
| valvular disease but often occur when the heart valves are normal |
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of increased JVP? |
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Definition
| Increased JVP indicates increased R atrial pressure which can be caused by: RV failure, restriction of R atrial and R ventricular filling, Tricuspid valve incompentance or obstruction of tricuspid valve as well as CHF. |
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Term
| Potential clinical significance of hepatojugular reflex? |
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Definition
| Normal subjects will have a decrease in JVP with the maneuver since venous return to the heart will be reduced. |
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Term
| Pattern associated with edema caused by: Pitting edema |
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Definition
| Edema is soft and bilateral. Pitting on pressure. Results from increased hydrostatic pressure, CHF, drug use, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome |
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Term
| Pattern associated with edema caused by: Chronic venous insufficiency |
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Definition
| Edema is soft, occasionaly bilateral. Look for brawny changes and skin thickening near the ankles. Ulceration, brownish pigmentation, and edema in feet are common. |
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Term
| Pattern associated with edema caused by: Lymphedema |
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Definition
| Edema is soft in early stages but then becomes indurated, hard, and non-pitting. Skin is markedly thickened. Develops when lymph channels are obstructed by tumor, fibrosis, or inflammation. |
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Term
| Potential significance of BP differences between the two arms is: |
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Definition
| differences of more than 10-15 mmHg are typical in subclavian steal syndrome and aortic dissection |
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Term
| Interpret BP findings seen in orthostatic hypotension. |
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Definition
drop in SBP of greater than or equal to 20
or DBP of greater or equal to 10
within 3 minutes of standing |
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Term
| Clinical significance of diminished femoral pulse |
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Definition
| indicates partial or complete occlusion proximally. If there is a palpable delay from the radial to femoral pulse, it suggests coarctation of the aorta or at least an aortic obstruction below takeoff of the L subclavian artery |
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Term
Potential significance of:
Raynaud's disease |
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Definition
| episodic spasm of the small arteries and arterioles. no vascular occlusion |
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Term
Potential significance of:
enlarged epitrochlear node |
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Definition
| may arise from local or distal infection or may be associated with generalized lymphandenopathy |
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Term
Potential significance of:
Decrease or absence of arterial pulse in legs or feet |
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Definition
| Decreased or absent pedal pulses with normal femoral and popliteal pulses suggest occlusive disease in the lower popliteal artery or its branches - often seen in DM. |
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Term
Clinical signs of:
Sudden arterial occlusion |
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Definition
| embolism or thrombosis - distal pain usually involving the foot and leg |
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Term
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Definition
extent of edema suggests location of occlusion. The popliteal vein when the lwoer leg or ankle is swollen; The iliofemoral vein when the entire leg is swollen.
Tight bursting pain when in calf - may be painless as well |
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Term
Clinical signs of:
Superficial thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
| pain in the local area along the course of a superficial vein, most often in the saphenous system |
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Term
Clinical signs of:
Varicose veins |
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Definition
| dilated and torturous veins - mainly on legs |
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Term
Clinical signs of:
Chronic arterial insufficiency |
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Definition
Pain is intermittent claudication, progressing to pain at rest
Color is pale at elevation
Cool temperature
Edema absent or mild
gangrene may develop |
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Term
Clinical signs of:
Chronic venous insufficiency |
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Definition
often painful
normal temperature
edema is present and often marked
ulcerations if present, develops at sides of ankles
gangrene does not develop |
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