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BCP Lect 27/28
BCP 401 At Stony Brook
36
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
11/20/2017

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Theory of Major Depression
Definition
Several Brain Circuits become dysfunction in response to stress. Dysregulation of NE and 5HT signalling may contribute.
Term
Lag Time
Definition
For anti-depressants, about 3-4 weeks are required before an actual response can be seen .
Term
SSRI treats what
Definition
Disorders like PTSD, OCD, panic attack and others.
Term
SSRI
Definition
Inhibit SERTs generally. Most common type to treat depression, PTSD, OCD.
Term
Fluoxteine
Definition
SRRI
Term
Setraline
Definition
SSRI
Term
Citalopram
Definition
SSRI
Term
Paroxetine
Definition
SSRI
Term
SNRIs
Definition
Inhibit both SERT and NE reuptake receptor. Similar adverse effects compared to SNRIs, but also increase noradrenergic effects.
Term
Venlafaxine
Definition
SNRI
Term
Desvenlafaxine
Definition
SNRI
Term
Bupropion
Definition
Atypical antidepressants, inhibits NET and DAT resulting in increased Noradrenergic signal and dopaminergic signalling
Term
Tricyclic antidepressants
Definition
Inhibit SERT and NET, elevating serotonin and NET in the cleft. These have muscarinic antagonism as well, and can cause symptoms like dry mouth, blurry vision and a host of others. Narrow therapeutic window.
Term
MAO inhibitors
Definition
Usually the last line of defence since it is not a popular choice. Keeps amines alive, but also can result in tyramine, a toxin accumulating.
Term
Psychosis
Definition
General term to define a variety of mental disorders.
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
Prototypic disorder for understanding psychosis and impact of antipsychotic drug treatment.
Term
Structural brain changes in schizophrenics
Definition
Show problems using prefrontal cortex. Thickness is reduced about 5-10%, neuron size is reduced, though there is no change in number of neurons. Synaptic connectivity is reduced in this area, and there are fewer projections into the thalamus.
In addition, hippocampus shows altered cytoarchitecture.
Term
Dopamine hypothesis
Definition
One hypothesis of why schizo is a thing. This is because antipsychotics block dopamine signalling, drugs that stimulate dopa can product schizophrenic symptoms, Ldopa can exacerbate schizo symptoms, higher levels of dopa receptors measured on brain of schizos, dopamine levels increase during psychotic episodes.
Term
Flaws in dopamine hypothesis
Definition
Diminished dopamine signaling in specific brain areas is thought to underlie negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Dopa signal block is immediate, but symptoms persist for days.
Atypical drugs that treat schizo target dopamine receptors. It is possible that schizo acts through other receptors
Term
Serotonin Hypothesis
Definition
Since LSD and mescaline produce hallucinations through stimulating 5Ht receptors, it is thought maybe schizo comes out this way.
Term
Atypical antipsychotics
Definition
Strongly block the serotonin receptors, and other receptor types including a weak blockage of Dopa D2 receptors
Term
Clozapine
Definition
atypical antipsychotic
Term
Risperidone
Definition
atypical antipsychotic
Term
Olanzapine
Definition
atypical antipsychotic
Term
Quetiapine
Definition
atypical antipsychotic
Term
Apriprazole
Definition
atypical antipsychotic. Some believe this should be a dopamine system stabilizer. The others are pure antagonists of dopa and sero receptors. This is a partial agonist at D2 and a pure antagonist at sero receptors. Low risk of EPS and metabolic effects. But this may have lower efficacy in some patients
Term
General considerations for antipsychotic drugs
Definition
Are a great treatment option for patients, but there is no cure for schizophrenia currently. The goal of the therapy is to alleviate symptoms that can pose danger to patient. These drugs are diverse in structure and show a range of activity.
Term
Typical group antipsychotics
Definition
Tranquilizers, neuroleptics. These are the first generation drugs that strongly block Dopa D2. But these have a narrow therapeutic window and may produce EPS
Term
Atypical group antipsychotics
Definition
The second generation, moderately or weakly binds Dopa D2. Strongly blocker 5HT. Wider therapeutic window, lower risk for EPS but higher risk for metabolic side effects like weight gain, diabetes, heart disease.
Term
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Definition
Disorders of movement, occurs as a result of blocking D2 receptors. Dystonia, involuntary spasm
Parkinsonisms
Akathisia, need to be in movement
Tardive dyskinesia; Involuntary movement and writing motion of face and tongue, and other extremities.
Term
Drug therapy choice
Definition
Atypical antipsychotics are newer and prescribed about 10 times more than typical antipsychotics. Typicals are less expensive, but no single drug is superior when safety and efficacy are considered. For patients with history of diabetes or dyslipidemia, one of the typical antipsychotics may work best.
Term
Imipramine
Definition
Prototypical TCA
Term
Trazodone
Definition
Antagonists of 5HT2 receptor. Inhibiting this receptor is associated with substantial antidepressant effects , antianxiety and antipsychotic. Also inhibits SERT. Side effects are muscarine like.
Term
MAOI
Definition
Block metabolism of NE, serotonin and other amines. Rarely used for managing depression since they can become toxic interacting with other compounds like those that has tyramine related accumulation.
Term
MAO-A inhibition
Definition
Can cause tyramine levels to reach dangerous levels
Term
MAO-B inhibition
Definition
selective inhibition of this show low efficacy in treating depression unless both are inhibited. Generally these are avoided.
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