Term
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Definition
Populations that have a sense of group identity based on distinctive cultural patterns and typically a shared (real or assumed) geographical and historical ancestry.
It can be achieved: you can dress a certain way, work to maintain their culture
It can be imposed: point out that those people dress this way, pointing out differences and making them significant.
It is totally learned: been taught, been socialized and with a big push to internalized it.
US and Russia have the most ethnic groups in the world |
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Term
| What defines cultural dominance? |
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Definition
| Is established through ownership of wealth and control of political power. It's not about numbers. If belong to the group that has this power- even if you don't have it yourself- then you are part of the majority. It's more about the group as a whole. |
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Term
| How are ethnic groups and minority groups different from one another? |
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Definition
| Not all ethnic groups are a minority, but all minorities are an ethnic group. With minority groups there is a sense of solidarity from a shared experience of repression. Minority groups are somewhat isolated, tend to be clustured greographically associated with economic disadvantage. Very low rates of marrying outside of race |
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Term
| What is the sociological definition of race? Racism? A racist? |
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Definition
Race: a social construction whereby certain physical traits get singled out by members of a community and are made socially significant.
Racism: prejudice based on socially significant physical characteristics.
Racist: somoene who believes that individuals are superior or inferior as a result of socially significant physical distinctions. |
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Term
| What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
Prejudice is the opinions or attitudes held by one group against another, preconcieved views often based on hearsay. Discrimination are behaviors directed at members of a group that disqualify these members from opportunities offered to others.
Discrimination involves direct action against the 'inferior'group. |
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Term
| Can someone discriminate without being prejudice? |
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Definition
| Yes! They can be a part of an organization or work for a company that discriminates. |
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Term
| What are the five common sociological explanations for prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
stereotyping
projection
personality
scapegoating
ethnocentrism |
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Term
| How does sterotyping lead to prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
| Stereotyping is the process of thinking in fixed and inflexible categories. It's a natural thing that the brain does in order to organise things. However it can go wrong when we stereotype individuals. It's bad to allay an emotional (negative) characteristic onto individual people. It's okay though to make social characterizations. |
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Term
| How does projection lead to prejudice and discriminaton? |
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Definition
| Projection is the (often) unconcious attribution of one's own characteristics onto an individual or group. (ie Black men rape white women..when white men rape black women) |
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Term
| How does personality lead to prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
| Where prejudice results from personality adaptations. Happens when a person is quite young. Comes from experiences as a child that helps you view the world in a certain way. Higher level discrimination among working class whites. Working class parenting often creates a discriminatory attitude. |
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Term
| How does scapegoating lead to prejudice adn discrimination? |
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Definition
| Scapegoating is when a person or group is forced to shoulder the blame for events that are not their fault. Ex: when Germans blamed the jews for their economic decline. Or the high cost of health insurance. |
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