Term
| Acute and Chronic Blood Loss accounts for what percent of the anemia in the U.S.A.? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The venous return determines the strength of the next heart beat |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Without ATP to work the ion pumps, Na enters the cells |
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Definition
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Term
| When Na enters the cells, due to low ATP, what happens to the cells? |
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Definition
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Term
Given % / mL of blood loss what are the symptoms:
10% / 500 mL |
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Definition
Usually none
Occasional lightheadedness |
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Term
Given % / mL of blood loss what are the symptoms:
20% / 1000 mL |
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Definition
Increased heart rate with exercise;
Hypotension when standing |
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Term
Given % / mL of blood loss what are the symptoms:
30-40% / >1500 mL |
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Definition
Decreased cardiac output and BP
Rapid pulse
Gasping for air
Cold Clammy Skin |
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Term
Given % / mL of blood loss what are the symptoms:
40-50% / 2500 mL |
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Definition
Compensatory mechanisms fail
Unconsciousness
Severe shock
Death |
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Term
| 5 Causes of Acute Bleeding |
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Definition
Trauma
Surgery
Aneurysm
Injured Spleen
OB problems |
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Term
| If there is insufficient BP pushing on arteries, what happens? |
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Definition
| Arteries collapse & blood cannot get back to the heart to initiate the next beat |
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Term
| If there is a decrease in pressure, what will the release of epinephrine cause? |
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Definition
| Vasocontriction, Increase Heart Rate, Improve Heart contraction strength |
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Term
| When blood is diverted from skin, muscles, and other organs, where does it go to keep Oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extravascular fluid is drawn into the vessels by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extravascular fluid is drawn into the vessels by osmosis due to what? |
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Definition
| Increased glucose released from the liver |
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Term
| In an attempt to keep pressure up, the Kidney increases what? |
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Definition
Sodium
Water reabsorption |
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Term
| What does Acidosis produced from lactic acid through anaerobic glycolysis cause? |
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Definition
Shift Oxygen dissociation curve to the right
Increase Breathing Rate |
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Term
True or False:
Trauma and/or acute blood loss - Volume often MORE Important than RBCs carrying O2 |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Crystalloids
Colloids |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Saline
Ringers |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Albumin
Dextran Sulfate |
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Definition
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Term
| If the patient has been previously screened and is found negative, there is a low chance of what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
FFP is NOT recommended for volume because of risk of infectious diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| List 7 Adverse Physiologic Consequences of Massive Transfusion |
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Definition
Dilutional thrombocytopenia
Dilutional coagulopathy
Acid-base imbalance
Citrate toxicity
Hypothermia
Immunosuppression
Potassium overload |
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Term
| If blood is over 7 days old, what blood components do not work well? |
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Definition
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Term
| If blood is over 7 days old, what factors will be decreased? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Routinely giving FFP or Platelets is NOT justified because the bleeding is due to trauma or hypotension rather than dilution |
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Definition
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Term
| What can Citrate Toxicity cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| Citrate and Lactate in blood can lead to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally levels of 2,3 DPG return to normal within how many hours after transfusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| DIC is often observed in what type of patients? |
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Definition
OB patients
Trauma
Cancer
Infections |
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Term
| What is used to treat DIC? |
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Definition
FFP
Platelets
Cryoprecipitate |
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Term
True or False:
FFP contains all of the coagulation factors |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
For Hemophilia A can use cryoprecipitate but now most often use Factor VIII concentrates |
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Definition
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Term
| What are VIII concentrates made from? |
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Definition
| Pooled plasma and are virus inactivated either by heat or solvent detergents |
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Term
True or False:
You can also use recombinant DNA to treat Factor Deficiencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Both Recombinant DNA & VIII concentrates are ______ and can be given at home |
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Definition
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Term
| What factor do you give to a patient who has Hemophilia B? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mild cases of vonWillibrands treated with ______ which causes a release of endogenous stores of Factor VIII and vWF? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than DDAVP, what else can you treat mild cases of vonWillibrands with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Factor I deficiency is treated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Platelets are very important for hemostasis |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelet disorders are related to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased # of Platelets is related to a large variety of conditions resulting from what? |
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Definition
Decreased Production
Increased Destruction |
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Term
What do the following cause:
Drugs, sepsis, liver disease, bypass surgery, primary bone marrow disorders |
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Definition
| Decreased Number of Platelets |
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Term
| If patient is refractory for platelets, then what needs to be done? |
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Definition
| HLA or crossmatched instead of pooled |
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Term
| Previously, you were transfused with platelets if the number of platelets was at or below what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does chemo therapy damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do most patients of chemo therapy develop? |
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Definition
| Low RBC, WBC, & Plt Counts |
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Term
| What do most patients of chemo therapy need? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of blood do BM & Other Tissue Transplant patients need? |
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Definition
| WBC-Reduced Blood Products |
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Term
Liver Disease-
Decreased Platelets due to what? |
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Definition
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Term
Liver Disease-
_____ synthesis of ALL clotting factors |
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Definition
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Term
Liver Disease -
____ blood loss from esophageal varices |
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Definition
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Term
Liver Disease -
Nutritional problems such as ... (2) |
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Definition
| Iron or Folate Deficiency |
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Term
| What do you use mostly for Liver Disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| For liver transplant how many units are you likely to use during and immediately after the surgery? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Liver biopsy also usually requires blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Burns cause that allow fluid and protein to escape? |
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Definition
| Increased vascular permeability |
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Term
Burns -
Fluid loss produces symptoms that are similar to what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Burn patients are prone to what type of imbalances? |
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Definition
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Term
| First priority is to replace volume lost with what for burn patients? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Later the burn patient will often need RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Some institutions will give burn patients what to fight sepsis? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
With AIHA patients you should try NOT to transfuse |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to make sure of before possibly transfusing a AIHA patient? |
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Definition
| That there are no underlying alloantibodies |
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Term
True or False:
You should phenotype AIHA patients BEFORE the transfusion so that you can later work-up suspected alloantibodies |
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Definition
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Term
What is the following consistent with:
Platelets destroyed by pump or stick to walls of pump |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of patients need regular transfusions with iron chelation agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the problems associated with Thalassemia? |
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Definition
Alloimmunization
Exposure
Iron Overload |
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Term
| What would you do if you have a sickle cell patient requiring surgery in order to keep HS S at 30% |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of transfusion do donors go through for Sickle Cell and Thalassemia patients? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Thalassemia & Sickle Cell
Try to give fresh blood and REMOVE WBC to prevent HLA |
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Definition
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Term
Thalassemia & Sickle Cell
Try to give fresh blood and Remove what? |
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Definition
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Term
Thalassemia & Sickle Cell
Try to give fresh blood and REMOVE WBC to prevent what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Thalassemia & Sickle Cell
Try to phenotype and give AGN compatible whenever possible |
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Definition
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