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Basic Verbs
List of all basic verbs from Studyspanish.com
147
Language - Spanish
12th Grade
02/20/2009

Additional Language - Spanish Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Hay
Definition
There is, there are
Term

Present Indicative-What does it mean in English?

Definition

I speak
I do speak
I am speaking

Term

hablar-present indicative

meaning and verb forms

Definition

(to speak)

hablo
hablas
habla

hablamos
habláis

hablan

Term

comer-present indicative

meaning and forms

Definition
(to eat)

como
comes
come

comemos
coméis

comen

Term

vivir

Definition
(to live)

vivo
vives
vive

vivimos
vivís

viven

Term

ser

Definition
(to be)

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

Term

estar

Definition
(to be)

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

Term

Uses of ser

 

Definition

the hour, day, and date
place of origin
occupation
nationality
religious or political affiliation
the material something is made of
possession
relationship of one person to another
certain impersonal expressions
where an event is taking place
essential qualities

Term

Uses of estar

 

Definition

geographic or physical location
state or condition
many idiomatic expressions
progressive tenses

Term

Ser and estar (contrasting uses)

 

Definition

When a noun follows the verb, use ser
When an adjective follows the verb, decide between "essence" and "condition"
To tell where something is from, use ser
To tell where something is located right now, use estar
To tell where an event is taking place, use ser

Term

tener (to have)
venir (to come)

Definition

tengo / vengo
tienes / vienes
tiene / viene
tenemos / venimos
tenéis / venís
tienen / vienen

Term

o:ue stem-changers 6 examples(dormir)

 

Definition

duermo
duermes
duerme
dormimos
dormís
duermen

(almorzar, contar, costar, volver, recordar, volar)

Term

e:ie stem-changers six examples(cerrar)

Definition

cierro
cierras
cierra
cerramos
cerráis
cierran

(comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder, preferir)

Term

e:i stem-changers five examples one with irregular yo form

(repetir)

Definition

repito
repites
repite
repetimos
repetís
repiten

(decir (yo digo), despedir, medir, pedir, servir)

Term

estar, ir, dar

Definition

estoy - voy - doy
estás - vas - das
está - va - da
estamos - vamos - damos
estáis - vais - dais
están - van - dan

Term

Ir a + infinitive

Definition

To be going to do something
(voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van)

Term

Acabar de + infinitive

Definition

To have just done something
(acabo, acabas, acaba, acabamos, acabáis, acaban)

Term

Volver a + infinitive

Definition

To do something again
(vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven)

Term

A Juan le gusta el libro.
A Juan le gustan los libros.

Definition

To "like" something

Term

Present Progressive

Definition

estar + present participle
I am speaking (right now, at this moment)
Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future.

Term

Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo)

Definition

hablar - hablando (-ar)
comer - comiendo (-er)
vivir - viviendo (-ir)
decir - diciendo (e:i)
dormir - durmiendo (o:u)
leer - leyendo (orthographic)
seguir: siguiendo (orthographic)

Term
caber (to fit)
Definition
yo quepo
Term
caer (to fall)
Definition
yo caigo
Term
conducir (to drive)
Definition
yo conduzco
Term
conocer (to know, to be acquainted with)
Definition
yo conozco
Term
escoger (to choose)
Definition
yo escojo
Term
dirigir (to direct)
Definition
yo dirijo
Term
hacer (to do, to make)
Definition
yo hago
Term
poner (to put, to place)
Definition
yo pongo
Term
saber (to know something - a fact)
Definition
yo sé
Term
salir (to leave)
Definition
yo salgo
Term
seguir (to follow)
Definition
yo sigo
Term
traer (to bring)
Definition
yo traigo
Term
valer (to be worth)
Definition
yo valgo
Term
ver (to see)
Definition
yo veo[image]
Term

Saber vs Conocer

Definition

saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart)
conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)

Term

Pedir vs Preguntar

Definition

pedir: to ask (for an object or a service)
preguntar: to ask (a question, request information)

Term

lavarse to wash oneself

Definition

yo me lavo
te lavas
usted se lava
nosotros nos lavamos
vosotros os laváis
ustedes se lavan

Term

Preterite: regular -ar verbs (hablar)

Definition


-aste

-amos
-asteis

-aron
hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron

Term

Imperfect: regular -ar verbs (hablar)

Definition

-aba
-abas
-aba

-ábamos
-abais

-aban
hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban

Term

Preterite: regular -er (comer)

 

Definition


-iste
-ió

-imos
-isteis

ieron

comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron

Term

Preterite: regular -ir verbs (vivir)

 

Definition


-iste
-ió

-imos
-isteis

ieron

viví, viviste, vivió, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron

Term

Imperfect: regular -er (comer)

 

Definition

-ía
-ías
-ía

-íamos
-íais

-ían

comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían

Term

Imperfect: regular -ir (vivir)

 

Definition

-ía
-ías
-ía

-íamos
-íais

-ían

vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían

Term

Preterite: ser, ir

Definition

fui
fuiste
fue

fuimos
fuisteis

fueron

Term

Preterite: dar, hacer

 

Definition

di
diste
dio
dimos
disteis
dieron

hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicisteis
hicieron

Term

Imperfect: ser, ir, ver

Definition

 

eraibaveía
erasibasveías
eraibaveía
éramosíbamosveíamos
eraisibaisveíais
eranibanveían
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

(ayer)

Definition
(yesterday)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

la semana pasada

Definition
(last week)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

anoche

Definition
(last night)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

el mes pasado

Definition
(last month)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

el otro día

Definition
(the other day)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

el año pasado

Definition
(last year)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

entonces

Definition
(then)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

hace dos días, años

Definition
(two days, years ago)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

esta mañana

Definition
(this morning)
Term

Expressions that signal use of preterite

 

ayer por la mañana

Definition
(yesterday morning)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

a menudo

Definition
(often)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

generalmente

Definition
(usually)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

a veces

Definition
(sometimes)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

muchas veces

Definition
(many times)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

cada día

Definition
(every day)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

siempre

Definition
(always)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

cada año

Definition
(every year)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

todo el tiempo

Definition
(all the time)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

de vez en cuando

Definition
(from time to time)
Term

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

 

varias veces

Definition
(several times)
Term

-ar and -er stem-changing verbs do not change in the preterite

cerrarentender

Definition

 

cerréentendí
cerrasteentendiste
cerróentendió
cerramosentendimos
cerrasteisentendisteis
cerraronentendieron
Term

-ir stem-changing verbs do change in the preterite (e:i and o:u third person singular and plural)

preferirdormir
Definition
preferídormí
preferistedormiste
prefiriódurmió
preferimosdormimos
preferisteisdormisteis
prefirierondurmieron
Term

preterite: creer, caer, leer, oír

Definition

creí
creíste
creyó
creímos
creísteis
creyeron

Term

preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluir

Definition

huí
huiste
huyó
huimos
huisteis
huyeron

Term

preterite: decir, traer

Definition
dijetraje
dijistetrajiste
dijotrajo
dijimostrajimos
dijisteistrajisteis
dijerontrajeron
Term

preterite: ver

Definition

vi
viste
vio
vimos
visteis
vieron

Term

preterite: -ucir (producir, conducir, traducir)

Definition

produje
produjiste
produjo
produjimos
produjisteis
produjeron

Term

irregular preterite pattern: andar, estar, tener, caber, haber, poder, poner, saber, hacer, querer, venir

Infinitive -Stem Change- Endings
Definition
andaranduv--e
estarestuv--iste
tenertuv--o
cabercup--imos
haberhub--isteis
poderpud--ieron
ponerpus- 
sabersup- 
hacerhic- 
quererquis- 
venirvin- 

Exception: hacer (el/ella/usted hizo)

Term

Indicative Mood

Subjunctive Mood

Definition

certainty and objectivity

 

uncertainty and subjectivity

Term

Present Subjunctive - hablar

Definition

hable
hables
hable
hablemos
habléis
hablen

Term

Present Subjunctive - comer

Definition

coma
comas
coma
comamos
comáis
coman

Term

Present Subjunctive - vivir

Definition

viva
vivas
viva
vivamos
viváis
vivan

Term

Present Subjunctive - verbs with irregular first persons in present indicative

 

Definition

conocer - conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis, conozcan

 

tener - tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan

 

salir - salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgáis, salgan

Term

Present Subjunctive - -ar and -er stem-changing verbs

Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change does not occur in the nosotros/vosotros forms:

pensar

 

Definition

piense
pienses
piense
pensemos
penséis
piensen

Term

Present Subjunctive - -ir stem-changing verbs

Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i.:

 

Definition

dormir - durmamos
sentir - sintamos
pedir - pidamos

Term

-zar: z changes to c before e
(present subjunctive)

empezar (e:ie)

 

Definition

empiece
empieces
empiece
empecemos
empecéis
empiecen

Term

-ger or -gir: g changes to j before a
(present subjunctive)

escoger

 

Definition

escoja
escojas
escoja
escojamos
escojáis
escojan

Term

-guir: gu changes to g before a
(present subjunctive)

seguir (e:i)

 

Definition

siga
sigas
siga
sigamos
sigáis
sigan

Term

-car: c changes to qu before e
-gar g changes to gu before e

(present subjunctive)

buscar / pagar

 

Definition

busque / pague
busques / pagues
busque / pague
busquemos / paguemos
busquéis paguéis
busquen / paguen

Term

uir: add y before a
(present subjunctive)

huir

 

Definition

huya
huyas
huya
huyamos
huyáis
huyan

Term

Present Subjunctive - dar

 

Definition


des

demos
deis
den

Term

Present Subjunctive - estar

 

Definition

esté
estés
esté
estemos
estéis
estén

Term

Present Subjunctive - haber

 

Definition

haya
hayas
haya
hayamos
hayáis
hayan

Term

Present Subjunctive - ir

 

Definition

vaya
vayas
vaya
vayamos
vayáis
vayan

Term

Present Subjunctive - saber

 

Definition

sepa
sepas
sepa
sepamos
sepáis
sepan

Term

Present Subjunctive - ser

 

Definition

sea
seas
sea
seamos
seáis
sean

Term

Present Subjunctive - desire

Definition

esperar que
insistir en que
mandar que
preferir que
prohibir que
querer que
es aconsejable que
es necesario que
pedir que
recomendar que
rogar que
sugerir que

Term

Present Subjunctive - ignorance or doubt

 

Definition

dudar que
es improbable que
es incierto que
es posible que
no creer que
puede ser que
es aconsejable que
temer que

Term

Present Subjunctive - impersonal expressions

 

Definition

es bueno que
es importante que
es posible que
es raro que
es malo que
es ridículo que
es terrible que
puede ser que

Term

Present Subjunctive - incompleted actions

 

Definition

a menos que
antes de que
con tal de que
después de que
hasta que
mientras que
tan pronto como

Term

Formal Commands (Imperative)
Use the present subjunctive forms

Speak.

Don't speak.

Eat.

Don't eat.

Write.


Don't write.

Definition

Hable Ud.
No hable Ud.
Coma Ud.
No coma Ud.
Escriba Ud.
No escriba Ud.

Term

Irregular Formal Commands (Imperative)
Same irregulars as the present subjunctive forms

dar-Ud.&Uds.
estar-Ud.&Uds.
ir-Ud.&Uds.
ser-Ud.&Uds.
saber-Ud.&Uds.

Definition

dé Ud.
den Uds.

esté Ud.
estén Uds.

vaya Ud.
vayan Uds.

sea Ud.
sean Uds.

sepa Ud.
sepan Uds.

Term

Informal (tú) Commands (Imperative)

Affirmative: Use the present indicative Ud. form
Negative: Use the present subjunctive tú form

Speak.

Don't speak.

Eat.

Don't eat.

Write.

Don't write.

Definition
Habla.
No hables.
Come.
No comas.
Escribe.
No escribas.
Term

Irregular Informal (tú) Commands (Imperative)
(Affirmative Only)

decir    salir
hacer   ser
ir    tener
poner    venir
Definition
decir - disalir - sal
hacer - hazser - sé
ir - vetener - ten
poner - ponvenir - ven
Term

Pronoun placement with commands

Affirmative commands:

Negative commands:

Definition

Affirmative commands: attach to verb
Negative commands: precede verb

Tráigaselas.
No se las traiga.

Term

Informal (vosotros) Commands (Imperative)

Affirmative: Change the final "r" of the infinitive to "d"
Negative: Use the present subjunctive vosotros form

Speak.

Don't speak.

Eat.

Don't eat.

Write.

Don't write.

Definition

Hablad.
No habléis.

Comed.

No comáis.

Escribid.

No escribáis.

Term

Nosotros commands (let's ...).(comer) Use present subjunctive (except( ir)

Definition

Comamos allí.
No comamos allí.

Vamos ahora.
No vayamos ahora.

Term

Indirect commands Use "que + present subjunctive"

Let María come in.

 

Have them come at four o'clock.

Definition

Que entre María.

Que vengan a las cuatro.

Term

Future Tense

 

 

Definition

Infinitive + ending
(-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án)

Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

caber

Definition
yo cabré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

poner

Definition
yo pondré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

decir

Definition
yo diré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

haber

Definition
yo habré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

salir

Definition
yo saldré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

hacer

Definition
yo haré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

poder

Definition
yo podré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

tener

Definition
yo tendré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

querer

Definition
yo querré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

valer

Definition
yo valdré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

saber

Definition
yo sabré
Term

Future Tense Irregulars

 

venir

Definition
yo vendré
Term

Past Participle

Definition

Infinitive - ending + ado/ido
(hablado, comido, vivido)

Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

abrir (to open)

Definition
abierto (open)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

cubrir (to cover)

Definition
cubierto (covered)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

decir (to say)

Definition
dicho (said)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

escribir (to write)

Definition
escrito (written)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

freír (to fry)

Definition
 frito (fried)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

hacer (to do)

Definition
hecho (done)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

morir (to die)

Definition
muerto (dead)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

poner (to put)

Definition
puesto (put)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

resolver (to resolve)

Definition
resuelto (resolved)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

romper (to break)

Definition
 roto (broken)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

ver (to see)

Definition
 visto (seen)
Term

Past Participle Irregulars

 

volver (to return)

Definition
vuelto (returned)
Term

Present Perfect

haber + past participle
hablar, comer, vivir

Definition
he hablado, he comido, he vivido

he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han

Term

Past Perfect

haber + past participle
hablar, comer, vivir

Definition
había hablado, había comido, había vivido

había
habías
había
habíamos
habíais
habían

Term

Future Perfect

haber + past participle

hablar, comer, vivir

Definition


habrá hablado, habrá comido, habrá vivido

habré
habrás
habrá
habremos
habréis
habrán

Term

Conditional Tense

Definition

Infinitive + ending
(-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían)

Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

caber

Definition
yo cabría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

poner

Definition
yo pondría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

decir

Definition
yo diría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

haber

Definition
yo habría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

salir

Definition
yo saldría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

hacer

Definition
yo haría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

poder

Definition
yo podría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

tener

Definition
yo tendría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

querer

Definition
yo querría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

valer

Definition
yo valdría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

saber

Definition
yo sabría
Term

Conditional Tense Irregulars

 

venir

Definition
yo vendría
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