Term
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Definition
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Present Indicative-What does it mean in English?
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I speak I do speak I am speaking |
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hablar-present indicative meaning and verb forms
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Definition
(to speak) hablo hablas habla hablamos habláis hablan |
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comer-present indicative meaning and forms
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(to eat) como comes come comemos coméis comen |
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(to live) vivo vives vive vivimos vivís viven |
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(to be) soy eres es somos sois son |
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(to be) estoy estás está estamos estáis están |
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the hour, day, and date place of origin occupation nationality religious or political affiliation the material something is made of possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities |
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Definition
geographic or physical location state or condition many idiomatic expressions progressive tenses |
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Ser and estar (contrasting uses)
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When a noun follows the verb, use ser When an adjective follows the verb, decide between "essence" and "condition" To tell where something is from, use ser To tell where something is located right now, use estar To tell where an event is taking place, use ser |
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tener (to have) venir (to come)
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tengo / vengo tienes / vienes tiene / viene tenemos / venimos tenéis / venís tienen / vienen |
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o:ue stem-changers 6 examples(dormir)
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Definition
duermo duermes duerme dormimos dormís duermen (almorzar, contar, costar, volver, recordar, volar) |
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e:ie stem-changers six examples(cerrar)
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cierro cierras cierra cerramos cerráis cierran (comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder, preferir) |
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e:i stem-changers five examples one with irregular yo form (repetir)
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repito repites repite repetimos repetís repiten (decir (yo digo), despedir, medir, pedir, servir) |
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Definition
estoy - voy - doy estás - vas - das está - va - da estamos - vamos - damos estáis - vais - dais están - van - dan |
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Definition
To be going to do something (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van) |
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Definition
To have just done something (acabo, acabas, acaba, acabamos, acabáis, acaban) |
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To do something again (vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven) |
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A Juan le gusta el libro. A Juan le gustan los libros.
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Definition
estar + present participle I am speaking (right now, at this moment) Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future. |
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Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo)
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Definition
hablar - hablando (-ar) comer - comiendo (-er) vivir - viviendo (-ir) decir - diciendo (e:i) dormir - durmiendo (o:u) leer - leyendo (orthographic) seguir: siguiendo (orthographic) |
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conocer (to know, to be acquainted with) |
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saber (to know something - a fact) |
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saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart) conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things) |
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pedir: to ask (for an object or a service) preguntar: to ask (a question, request information) |
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Definition
yo me lavo tú te lavas usted se lava nosotros nos lavamos vosotros os laváis ustedes se lavan |
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Term
Preterite: regular -ar verbs (hablar)
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Definition
-é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron |
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Term
Imperfect: regular -ar verbs (hablar)
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Definition
-aba -abas -aba -ábamos -abais -aban hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban |
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Preterite: regular -er (comer)
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Definition
-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis ieron comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron |
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Preterite: regular -ir verbs (vivir)
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Definition
-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis ieron viví, viviste, vivió, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron |
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Imperfect: regular -er (comer)
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Definition
-ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían |
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Imperfect: regular -ir (vivir)
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Definition
-ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían |
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Definition
fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron |
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Definition
di diste dio dimos disteis dieron hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hicieron |
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Definition
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era | iba | veía | eras | ibas | veías | era | iba | veía | éramos | íbamos | veíamos | erais | ibais | veíais | eran | iban | veían |
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Expressions that signal use of preterite (ayer)
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Expressions that signal use of preterite la semana pasada
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Expressions that signal use of preterite anoche
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Expressions that signal use of preterite el mes pasado
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Expressions that signal use of preterite el otro día
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Expressions that signal use of preterite el año pasado
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Expressions that signal use of preterite entonces
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Expressions that signal use of preterite hace dos días, años
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Expressions that signal use of preterite esta mañana
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Expressions that signal use of preterite ayer por la mañana
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect a menudo
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect generalmente
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect a veces
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect muchas veces
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect cada día
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect siempre
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect cada año
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect todo el tiempo
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect de vez en cuando
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Expressions that signal use of imperfect varias veces
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-ar and -er stem-changing verbs do not change in the preterite |
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cerré | entendí | cerraste | entendiste | cerró | entendió | cerramos | entendimos | cerrasteis | entendisteis | cerraron | entendieron |
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-ir stem-changing verbs do change in the preterite (e:i and o:u third person singular and plural) |
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Definition
preferí | dormí | preferiste | dormiste | prefirió | durmió | preferimos | dormimos | preferisteis | dormisteis | prefirieron | durmieron |
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preterite: creer, caer, leer, oír
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Definition
creí creíste creyó creímos creísteis creyeron |
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preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluir
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Definition
huí huiste huyó huimos huisteis huyeron |
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Term
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Definition
dije | traje | dijiste | trajiste | dijo | trajo | dijimos | trajimos | dijisteis | trajisteis | dijeron | trajeron |
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Definition
vi viste vio vimos visteis vieron |
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preterite: -ucir (producir, conducir, traducir)
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Definition
produje produjiste produjo produjimos produjisteis produjeron |
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irregular preterite pattern: andar, estar, tener, caber, haber, poder, poner, saber, hacer, querer, venir Infinitive - | Stem Change | - Endings |
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Definition
andar | anduv- | -e | estar | estuv- | -iste | tener | tuv- | -o | caber | cup- | -imos | haber | hub- | -isteis | poder | pud- | -ieron | poner | pus- | | saber | sup- | | hacer | hic- | | querer | quis- | | venir | vin- | |
Exception: hacer (el/ella/usted hizo) |
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Indicative Mood Subjunctive Mood
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Definition
certainty and objectivity uncertainty and subjectivity |
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Present Subjunctive - hablar
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Definition
hable hables hable hablemos habléis hablen |
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Present Subjunctive - comer
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Definition
coma comas coma comamos comáis coman |
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Present Subjunctive - vivir |
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viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan |
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Present Subjunctive - verbs with irregular first persons in present indicative
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Definition
conocer - conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis, conozcan tener - tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan salir - salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgáis, salgan |
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Present Subjunctive - -ar and -er stem-changing verbs Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change does not occur in the nosotros/vosotros forms: pensar
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Definition
piense pienses piense pensemos penséis piensen |
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Present Subjunctive - -ir stem-changing verbs Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i.:
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Definition
dormir - durmamos sentir - sintamos pedir - pidamos |
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-zar: z changes to c before e (present subjunctive) empezar (e:ie)
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Definition
empiece empieces empiece empecemos empecéis empiecen |
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-ger or -gir: g changes to j before a (present subjunctive) escoger |
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Definition
escoja escojas escoja escojamos escojáis escojan |
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-guir: gu changes to g before a (present subjunctive) seguir (e:i)
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siga sigas siga sigamos sigáis sigan |
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-car: c changes to qu before e -gar g changes to gu before e (present subjunctive) buscar / pagar
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busque / pague busques / pagues busque / pague busquemos / paguemos busquéis paguéis busquen / paguen |
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uir: add y before a (present subjunctive) huir
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huya huyas huya huyamos huyáis huyan |
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Present Subjunctive - dar
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Present Subjunctive - estar
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esté estés esté estemos estéis estén |
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Present Subjunctive - haber
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Definition
haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan |
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vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayáis vayan |
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Present Subjunctive - saber
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Definition
sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepáis sepan |
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Present Subjunctive - ser
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Definition
sea seas sea seamos seáis sean |
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Present Subjunctive - desire
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Definition
esperar que insistir en que mandar que preferir que prohibir que querer que es aconsejable que es necesario que pedir que recomendar que rogar que sugerir que |
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Present Subjunctive - ignorance or doubt |
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dudar que es improbable que es incierto que es posible que no creer que puede ser que es aconsejable que temer que |
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Present Subjunctive - impersonal expressions
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Definition
es bueno que es importante que es posible que es raro que es malo que es ridículo que es terrible que puede ser que |
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Present Subjunctive - incompleted actions
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Definition
a menos que antes de que con tal de que después de que hasta que mientras que tan pronto como |
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Term
Formal Commands (Imperative) Use the present subjunctive forms Speak. Don't speak. Eat. Don't eat. Write. Don't write.
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Hable Ud. No hable Ud. Coma Ud. No coma Ud. Escriba Ud. No escriba Ud. |
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Irregular Formal Commands (Imperative) Same irregulars as the present subjunctive forms dar-Ud.&Uds. estar-Ud.&Uds. ir-Ud.&Uds. ser-Ud.&Uds. saber-Ud.&Uds.
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dé Ud. den Uds. esté Ud. estén Uds. vaya Ud. vayan Uds. sea Ud. sean Uds. sepa Ud. sepan Uds. |
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Informal (tú) Commands (Imperative) Affirmative: Use the present indicative Ud. form Negative: Use the present subjunctive tú form Speak. Don't speak. Eat. Don't eat. Write. Don't write.
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Definition
Habla. No hables. Come. No comas. Escribe. No escribas. |
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Irregular Informal (tú) Commands (Imperative) (Affirmative Only) decir | salir | hacer | ser | ir | tener | poner | venir |
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decir - di | salir - sal | hacer - haz | ser - sé | ir - ve | tener - ten | poner - pon | venir - ven |
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Pronoun placement with commands Affirmative commands: Negative commands:
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Affirmative commands: attach to verb Negative commands: precede verb Tráigaselas. No se las traiga. |
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Informal (vosotros) Commands (Imperative) Affirmative: Change the final "r" of the infinitive to "d" Negative: Use the present subjunctive vosotros form Speak. Don't speak. Eat. Don't eat. Write. Don't write. |
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Definition
Hablad. No habléis. Comed. No comáis. Escribid. No escribáis.
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Nosotros commands (let's ...).(comer) Use present subjunctive (except( ir)
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Comamos allí. No comamos allí. Vamos ahora. No vayamos ahora. |
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Indirect commands Use "que + present subjunctive" Let María come in. Have them come at four o'clock.
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Que entre María. Que vengan a las cuatro. |
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Definition
Infinitive + ending (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án) |
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Future Tense Irregulars caber |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars poner |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars decir |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars haber |
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Future Tense Irregulars salir |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars hacer |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars poder |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars tener |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars querer |
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Future Tense Irregulars valer |
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Definition
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Future Tense Irregulars saber |
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Future Tense Irregulars venir |
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Infinitive - ending + ado/ido (hablado, comido, vivido) |
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Past Participle Irregulars abrir (to open) |
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Past Participle Irregulars cubrir (to cover) |
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Past Participle Irregulars decir (to say) |
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Past Participle Irregulars escribir (to write) |
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Past Participle Irregulars freír (to fry) |
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Past Participle Irregulars hacer (to do) |
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Past Participle Irregulars morir (to die) |
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Past Participle Irregulars poner (to put) |
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Past Participle Irregulars resolver (to resolve) |
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Past Participle Irregulars romper (to break) |
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Past Participle Irregulars ver (to see) |
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Past Participle Irregulars volver (to return) |
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Definition
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Present Perfect haber + past participle hablar, comer, vivir
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Definition
he hablado, he comido, he vivido he has ha hemos habéis han |
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Past Perfect haber + past participle hablar, comer, vivir
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Definition
había hablado, había comido, había vivido había habías había habíamos habíais habían |
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Future Perfect haber + past participle hablar, comer, vivir
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Definition
habrá hablado, habrá comido, habrá vivido
habré habrás habrá habremos habréis habrán |
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Definition
Infinitive + ending (-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían) |
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Conditional Tense Irregulars caber |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars poner |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars decir |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars haber |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars salir |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars hacer |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars poder |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars tener |
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Conditional Tense Irregulars querer |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars valer |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars saber |
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Definition
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Conditional Tense Irregulars venir |
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Definition
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