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| anything that possesses mass and occupies volume |
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| cannot be broken down in a chemical reaction |
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| contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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| smallest unit of matter; retains properties of an element |
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| the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons (except for H2) |
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| a number referring to the number of protons in a given element |
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| a number that equals the sum of protons and neutrons in a given atom |
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| the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element (from a given source) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
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| different types of atoms of the same element, each having a different number of neutrons |
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| a group of orbitals of electrons with similar energies. Electron shells are arranged in roughly concentric layers around the nucleus of an atom, with electrons in outer shells having mroe energy than those in inner shells. Electrons in the outermost shell (the valence shell) often are involved in chemical bonding. |
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| an attractive force binding two atoms together |
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| when one atom holds the shared electron more tightly then the others |
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| the tendency of certain like molecules (e.g., water molecules) to cling together due to attractive forces |
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| the cohesive force that causes molecules at the surface of a liquid to stick together, thereby resisting deformation of the liquid's surface and minimizing its surface area |
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| the mix of solvent and solute |
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| two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds |
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| when electrons from other element are shared in bond |
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| form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another |
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| shared but not completely, weak linkages in polar molecules |
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| forms when electrons are evenly shared between atoms |
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| an atom that loses an electron and thus becomes positively charged |
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| an atom that gains an electron and thus becomes negatively charged |
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| what something is being dissolved in |
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| a compound that can donate H+ ions to solutions |
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| a compound that can accepts H+ ions from a solution |
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| the state of balance in the human body |
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| any of the starting materials in a chemical reaction |
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| any of the final materials formed in a chemical reaction |
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| all the chemical reactions that go on in a cell |
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| a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself from an atom to which it is bonded |
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| an atom or molecule that carries a charge |
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| compounds that interact with water (hydrogen bond) |
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| compounds that do not interct with water |
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| a census tract (and any similar adjoining tracts) with a comparatively high ethnic density, compared to the average concentrations in that county |
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a neighborhood with poor access to fresh, affordable, and heathy foods
USDA definition: A low-income censu tract with 33% or more of the population residing at leaset 1 mile (10 miles if rural) from a supermarket or grocey tores |
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| how do food deserts evolve? |
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urban areas: suermarkets move to suburb; they leave behind fast-food and convenience stores
suburban areas: the number of supermarket increease, out of walking distance though |
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One of the nation's most severe hunger-related problems is also one of thenation's most obese area.
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Some of the most energy dense foods are also the eunhealthiest, e.g. cookies, peanut butter, popcorn.
This causes a problem b/c low-income individuals usually eat these uhealthy foods, b/c they are more energy dense (fill them up), and end up obese.
These high density foods also tend to be much less epensive then healthy low density foods, persuading low-income indivdiuals to purhcase them. |
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| Why does food cost more in poorer communities? |
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- There tend to be fewer chain stores (w/ cheaper prices) and more small/non-chain stores
- Price per ounce:
- Supply:These small grocers stock smaller quanitities and smalle quantities cost more per ounce
- Demand: Poorer indviduals buy in smaller quantities (e.g. not bulk) and thus these small products are more expensive
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| The Urban Health Advantage |
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Rurual residents tend to have higher rates of age-adjusted mortality, disability, and chronic disease than residents ofurban areas.
Why?Relative to metro residents, rural residents:
- Are older
- Have lower education levels & lower income
- Have higher incidence of smoking, obesity, & lower levels of physical activity
- Experience lower access to helath care (affordability,
proximinty & quality)
- Are more likely to be self-empoloyed --> lack health
insurance
- Have lower levels of social support/cohesion
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| Benefifits of Ethnic Enclaves |
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- Social support b/t ethnicities
- This support can assist & guide with financial needs
- Concentrated academic support
- The ethnicities will likely be in similar social classes so lower comparison of themselves (an ethnicity) to others --> lower stress
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