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basic pscology
covers test 2 chapter 4-6
68
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
07/29/2008

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Term
Cognition
Definition
all the mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remnbering and communicating
Term
Schema
Definition
A concept framework that prganizes and interprets information
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Interpreting one's new experience of ones exiting scemas
Term
Accommodation
Definition
adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
Term
sensorimotor stage
Definition
piagets theory ,in from birith to about 2 years of age during witch infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Term
Object Permanence
Definition
the awareness that things continiue to exist even when not percieved
Term
preoperational stage
Definition
in piagets's thory , in witch (2 years to 6 or 7 years of age) during wich a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehand the mental operations of concrete logic
Term
Conservation
Definition
the principle (wich piaget belive to ba part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass,valume and number remains the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Term
Egocentrism
Definition
in paigets theory, the preoperation child's difficulty talking another's point of view.
Term
Critical period
Definition
an optimal period shortly after birth when organism exposure to certain stimuli or experiances produces proper develpment
Term
Menarche  
Definition
is the first menstrual period 
Term
Imprinting
Definition
the process by witch some animals form attachments during crtical period of early life
Term
Attachment
Definition
A emotional tie woth another person
Term
Basic Trust
Definition
A sence that the world is predictable and trustworthy;said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiances with responsive caregivers.
Term
Identity
Definition
One's sence of self;the adolescent's task is to solidify a sence of self by testing and integrating various roles.
Term
Intimacy
Definition
the ability to form close loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolesence and early adulthood
Term
Menopause
Definition
The last period in a womans life
Term
Cristalize Intelligence
Definition
one's accumuleted knowledge and verbal skills ;tends to incrase with age .
Term
Fluid Intelligence
Definition
One's ability to reason speedy andabstracly ,tends to decrese during late adoulthood
Term
difference threshold
Definition
the munimum difference betwen 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time .
Term
priming
Definition
the activation,often inconscily of certain associations.
Term
Social clocks
Definition
the cultural prefered timing for major social events(marriage,parenthood,retiment)
Term
Sensations
Definition
the process by which our sensory recptors and nervouse system resive and represent to stimulus energy from our enviroment
Term
Botton up processing
Definition
analisys that works it way up to the brain
Term
Perceptation
Definition
the process of organazing and interpreting information,enabling us to recognaize maningful objects and events
Term
Psychophysics
Definition
the study of relationships between the physycal chararteristics of stimuli,suck has their intecity
Term
absolute thereshold
Definition
the minumum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of time
Term
subliminal
Definition
below one's absolute threshold for concious awarness
Term
Sensory adaptation
Definition
diminished sensitivity as a consequance of costant stimulation
Term
Hue
Definition
The dimension of color that is determine by the wavelength of light;what we know as the colornames like blue green blah blah blah
Term
wavelength
Definition
the distance from of the peek of one light wave to the peek of another
Term
Intensity
Definition
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave that perceive as brightness or laoudness as determined by the waves amp
Term
retina
Definition
the light sensitive inner surface of the eye
Term
Accommodation
Definition
the process by witch the eye`s lens change shape to focus near or far objects
Term
rods
Definition
retinal recptors that detect balck and white and gray
Term
cones
Definition
the retinal recptors that funtion in daylight or in well lit conditions.detect detail and color sesations.
Term
optic nerve
Definition
the nerevr that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
Term
fovea
Definition
the central focal point in the ratina
Term
Young-Helmholtz tricromatic theory
Definition
red, green and blue all make all the colors when combine
Term
oponent-process theory
Definition
theory that red-green,yellow-blue,white-black enables color vision .
Term
frenquency
Definition
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point
Term
pitch
Definition
a point expiriance hightness and lowness
Term
Cochlea
Definition
a coiled,bony fluid-filled tube in witch sound waves triger nerver impulses
Term
Sensory interaction
Definition
the principle that one sence might influance another
Term
Depth perception
Definition
alow us to judge distance
Term
Consciousness
Definition
Our awareness of ourselves and our enviroment
Term
Circadian rhythm
Definition
the biological clock
Term
Rem sleep
Definition
rapid eye movement stage of sleep during witch vivid dreams commonly occur.
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
false sensative expiriance
Term
delta waves
Definition
the large waves during deep sleep
Term
alpha waves
Definition
relaxed slow brain waves awake
Term
Narcolepsy
Definition
a sleep disoder by uncontrolable sleep atacks
Term
Sleep apnea
Definition
a sleep desoder in witch temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Term
insomnia
Definition
a problem that you cant sleep
Term
Dream
Definition
a sequance of images,emotions and thougths passing troght a sleeping persons mind.
Term
manifest content
Definition
according to freud the recomended stroy line of a dream
Term
latent content
Definition
the underying meaning of a dream
Term
Rem rebound
Definition
the tendency for rem sleep to increase fallowing REM sleep deprevartion
Term
Hypnosis
Definition
a social interaction in witch one person sugest to another person certains perceptions
Term
depressants
Definition
drugs like (alcahol)that reduces naural activity and slow body funtions
Term
Barbiturates
Definition
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
Term
Opiates
Definition
opium and is derivatives,such as morphine and heroin;they depress naural activity,temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
Term
Stimulants
Definition
Drugs(such as caffeine,nicotine,and the more powerful amphetamines,cocaine,and ecstasy)that excite and speed up body funtions
Term
Amphetamines
Definition
drugs that speed up body funtions
Term
Methamphetamines
Definition
a powerful adictive drug that stimulates the central nerous system
Term
Ectasy
Definition
a syntethic stimulant and mild hallucigen.
Term
Hallucigens
Definition
drugs like LSD that disort preceptions
Term
LSD
Definition
powerful hallucigen drug AKA acid
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