Term
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Definition
| restoration of tissue architecture and function after injury |
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Term
| Repair occurs thru two methods namely ? |
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Definition
a. regeneration by proliferation of residual cells
b. maturation of tissue stem cells and deposition of connective tissue to form a scar |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to replace damaged components returning to normal state |
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Term
| How does regeneration Occur |
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Definition
| Proliferation of cells that survive injury and retain capacity to replicate |
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Term
| Examples of regeneration? |
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Definition
| Rapidly dividing epithelia of skin and intestines and in some parenchymal organs notably the liver. plus tissue stem cells in some cases |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive deposition of collagen as a consequence of chronic inflammation |
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Term
| Ability of tissues to replicate is determined in part by ? |
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Definition
| their intrinsic proliferative capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| cell tissue is constantly lost and replaced by maturation from tissue stem cells and by proliferation of mature cells |
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Term
| Labile tissues examples (6) |
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Definition
1.hematopoietic cells in bone marrow
2.surface epithelia
3.Stratified squamous epithelia(skin ,oral ,vagina)
4.cuboidal epithelia of ducts draining exocrine glands
5.columnar epithelia ( git tract,uterus ,fallopian)
6.transitional epithelia of urinary tract |
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Term
| Stable / Quiescent tissues |
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Definition
| cells are capable of dividing in response to injury or loss of tissue mass. |
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Term
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Definition
Solid tissues of liver , kidney and pancreas
plus endothelial cells,fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Terminally differentiated and non proliferative in postnatal life |
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Term
| Permanent tissues examples |
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Definition
| neurons and cardiac muscle cells |
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Term
| Steps of repair by tissue deposition (5) |
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Definition
Inflammation
Angiogenisis
Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
scar formation
connective tissue remodeling |
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Term
| Two types of wound healing |
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Definition
first intention
second intention |
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Term
| First Intention Characteristics |
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Definition
| epithelial regeneration is the mechanism of repair . less evassive injury . scarring is minimal |
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Term
| Second Intention Characteristics |
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Definition
combination of regeneration plus scarring
healing takes longer .
large wound margins far apart |
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Term
Inadequate formation of granulation or assembly of a scar results in ?
name 2 terms. |
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Definition
| Wound dehiscence and ulceration |
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Term
| Hypertophic sars and keloids are formed by ? |
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Definition
| excessive formation of the componenets of the repair process |
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Term
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Definition
| increse in size resulting from increase in synthesis of specific tissue components |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in number of cells by mitotic division present during embryogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased size of individual cells . eg skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in intracellular components . eg . bone cartlage |
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Term
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Definition
| cell develops an overt specialized function or morphology which distinguishes it from parent cell |
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Term
| Factors Controlling growth (4) |
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Definition
1. Endocrinological factors (growth factors ,hormones)
2.Genetics (disorders Proportionate ,disproportionate)
3.Nutritional factors (maternal malnutrition)
5.Environmental factors (maternal smoking) |
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Term
| Embryonic differentiation is controlled by (5) |
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Definition
| genes . systemic hormones . position within the fetus .local growth factors. matrix proteins |
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Term
| Maintenance of cell in differentiated state occurs via ? (3) |
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Definition
| paracrine .aoutocrine. extracellular matrix secreted by cell |
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Term
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Definition
| A response to a wound ,inflammatory process or necrosis in an organ not capable of regenerating |
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Term
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Definition
G0 . resting terminally differentiated are permanently in this phase and cant enter cell cycle
G1. first gap . presynaptic
S. DNA synthesis
G2. Premitotic
M . CEll division occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Control cell cell cycle once cell enters . defined as proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells with self renewal capacity , exhibit assymetric replication |
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Term
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Definition
| can give rise to all tissues in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| special areas in tissue where adult stem cells are found |
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Term
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Definition
Early stages or mild from of injury
damaging stimulus removed |
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Term
| Hallmarks of reversable injury (2) |
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Definition
1. Reduced Oxidative phosphorylation ( ATP depletion)
2.Cell swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets in the prarenchymal cells of organs |
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Term
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Definition
| unregulated form of cell death . characterized by disruption of membrane .digestion of cell content by lysosomal enzymes and leakage leading to inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Programmed cell death . rapid cell debris removal with no inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of oxygen which leads to cell injury by reducing oxidative respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Ischemia is an insufficient supply of blood to an organ, usually due to a blocked artery |
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Term
| Causes of Cell Injury (7) |
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Definition
| Oxygen deprivation.physical agents. chemical agents and drugs. infectious agents. immunological reactions |
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