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| Designation for choral music without instrumental accompaniment. |
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| A non-amplified or non-electric instrument. |
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| A slow tempo, between andante and largo. |
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| Both performers. Follows a section with only one performer on the part. A3, a4, etc., are also used. |
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| An indication given the performer to vary from strict tempo, or to add or omit a part. |
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| Becoming broader, slowing. |
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| Quick, rapid tempo, rather fast. |
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| At a walking pace, at a moderate speed. |
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| Roll the chord in harp style. |
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| Abbreviation for “American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.” |
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| Resume to the original tempo. |
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| Begin the next section without pausing. |
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| Slang for musical instrument. |
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| Unit of measurement or rhythmic time. |
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| Agitated; Bewegter – More agitated. |
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| The lowered third, seventh and sometimes fifth degrees of a major scale that create the characteristic sound of the blues. |
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| Muted French horn, using hand, indicated +. |
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| Chase or hunt. A two-part canon where the voices chase each other. |
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| A symbol // indicating a sudden pause in the music. |
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| Solo vocal or instrumental passage. |
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| From the beginning; Da capo al segno – From the beginning to the sign. |
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| Muted French horn, using the hand. |
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| In unison with another part; for example: col.vln. – With violins. (Commonly used in jazz scores.) |
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| With the stick of the bow. |
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| Repeat from the beginning. |
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| Go back and play from the sign. |
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| Mute; Mit Dampfer – With mute; Ohne Dampfer – Without mute. |
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| Gradually becoming softer. |
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Indicates that when two or more notes are written on one staff, they are to be
played by separate performers. |
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| Barely audible, as soft as possible. |
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| Flutter tongue. Make a rapid articulation, similar in sound to a rolled r. |
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| Muted French Horn, using hand. |
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| Glissando (glissez, glisser) |
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| Sliding up and down the scale. |
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| The German name, pronounced “hah,” for B natural. |
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| The rhythmic relationship of three notes in the time of two, or two notes in the time of three. It is usually the alteration of 6/8 and 3/4 time. |
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| Always; for example: immer in tempo – Always in tempo. |
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| The bouncing of the bow on the string during a down-bow so as to play a series of repeated notes. |
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| A little largo, not as slow as largo. |
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| Less; Meno mosso – Less movement, slower. |
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| Half; Mezzo voce – At half voice. |
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| Midway between loud and soft. |
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| Maelzel metronome; tempo indication; the number of beats per minute, expressed in a specific note value; e.g.: MM = 72 |
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| Manner, in the manner of. |
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| In the usual manner (usually following a passage in a specific style.) |
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| Moving, agitated, animated. |
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| Motion, movement; Con moto – with movement. |
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| Change; usually to indicate a change in tuning of an instrument or instruments (such as timpani,) the change of the key of a brass instrument, or a change from one instrument to another (such as flute to piccolo.) |
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| Nothing, silence; A niente - fade away to silence. |
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| Otherwise (refers to an alternative part.) |
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| Sung in a speaking style. |
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| Notes of the harmonic series; harmonics. |
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| More motion; Increase the tempo. |
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| A 20th century compositional style where emphasis is placed on single notes. |
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| The fastest tempo; extremely fast. |
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| Slowing down. (Same as ritardando.) |
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| A short repeated melodic pattern. |
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| Similar to tutti, it distinguishes the accompanying instruments from the soloist. |
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| Ritardando (ritard, rit.) |
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| Gradually slowing the tempo. |
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| Held back; becoming slower immediately. |
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| Expressive flexibility of tempo; tastefully slowing down and speeding up at the discretion of the performer/conductor. |
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| Without snares (percussion.) |
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| Playfully, like a joke, with humor. |
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| Dry, simple; in percussion: dampen, do not let ring. |
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| Proceed to next section without a break or a pause. |
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| Without; Senza Sordino - without mute. |
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| Sforzando, sforzato (sf, sfz) |
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| Forced attack, with emphasis. |
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| In a similar or same manner. |
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| Mute; Con sordino - with mute; Senza sordino – without mute. |
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| Sustained, in a smooth manner. |
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| Under the voice; whispered, barely audible. |
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| Voice or instrumental part. |
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| Indication that a particular performer or instrument has no part for a considerable time. |
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| Return to the original tempo. |
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| Direction that a note is to be fully sustained, held up to its full written time value. |
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| Calmly, quietly, tranquil. |
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| Quick repetition of the same note, or quick repetition between two different pitched notes. |
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| Even and rapid alternation of two tones a major or a minor second apart. The lower tone is the principal tone. |
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| Too much; Non troppo - not too much. |
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| All, the entire ensemble. |
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| To improvise an instrumental accompaniment. |
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| A rapid fluctuation of pitch slightly higher or lower than the main pitch. |
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| Turn quickly, as in turning a page quickly. |
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| German word for prelude or overture. |
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