Term
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Definition
| The unit of measurement of the frequency of a time-varying waveform. |
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Term
| What is CAS (Circuit Associated Signaling/In-band Signaling)? |
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Definition
| Circuit Associated Signaling is also known as In-band signaling where all signaling to manage the calls occurs within the same circuit that will be used for the call itself. CAS is less efficient than CCIS-based (Out of band) signaling. |
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Term
| Are phone numbers associated with trunks themselves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the 1968 carterphone decision allow? |
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Definition
| It allowed non telephone company equipment to be connected to the AT&T network (via a protective coupling device). |
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Term
| What is a loading coil and what does it do? |
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Definition
| A loading coil is an induction device placed on a local loop longer than 18,000 feet that carries analog signals. The device compensates for wire capacitance and boosts the frequencies carrying voice information. Loading coils cause distortion at the higher frequencies used to carry digital information and so are not used on local loops that are supporting DSL service. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. |
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Term
| What is a connectionless transmission? |
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Definition
| Communication between two network end points in which a message can be sent from one end point to another without prior arrangement |
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Term
| What does the "asymmetric" in Asymmetric DSL mean? |
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Definition
| Not as much bandwidth upstream as there is downstream. Less bandwidth provided upstream from the customer to the service provider. However, downloading and web surfing represent the majority of DSL activity. 7Mbps downloading and 640kbps uploading. |
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Term
| What is Point of Presence (POP)/Point of Interface (POI)? |
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Definition
| The physical point where the IEC (Long Distance Exchange Carrier) and the LEC (Local Exchange Carrier) are interconnected is called the point of presence or point of interface |
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Term
| What are the 4 costs associated with the “edges”, or telecommunication links, between nodes? |
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Definition
1. Delay cost
2. Queue cost
3. Limited speed cost
4. Link use cost |
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Term
| What did the modified final judgement of 1983 do? |
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Definition
| Broke up AT&T into 7 Regional Bell Operating Companies |
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Term
| What was the first operating system written in C language? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Kingsbury commitment do? |
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Definition
Supported 4 decisions:
(a) It formalized AT&T’s monopoly of the U.S. telephone network
(b) It forced AT&T to divest itself of Western Union
(c) AT&T agreed to provide long-distance service to independent telephone companies (under certain conditions)
(d) AT&T agreed to refrain from purchasing any more independent telephone companies without Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) approval. |
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Term
| What did the 1969 MCI decision do? |
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Definition
(a) It granted MCI and any other phone company (i.e. other telcos) the right to offer long distance service to their customers.
(b) It granted MCI the right to connect to AT&T’s network for access to customer’s premises.
(c) It broke AT&T’s stranglehold on local phone service |
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Term
| Where do 90% of all problems in a phone network occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the upstream and downstream speeds for SDSL? |
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Definition
| Up to 1.544Mbps in both directions. |
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Term
| What is a API (Application Program Interface)? |
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Definition
| Specific method prescribed by a computer operating system or by an application program by which a programmer writing an application program can make requests of the operating system or another application. Customers use the cloud provider's application program interface (API) to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and storage. |
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Term
| What are the 3 characteristics of cloud computing? |
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Definition
(1) It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour;
(2) It is elastic -- a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time
(3) The service is fully managed by the provider. The consumer / end user needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access. |
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Term
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Definition
| DHCP assigns IP addresses and routing information to LAN workstations |
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Term
| What do cloud computing customers use to configure and access virtual servers and storage? |
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Definition
| Application Program Interface (API) |
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Term
What are the symbols for router, switch, and AMP (Amplifier)? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the maximum distance that ADSL will not work past the central office? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The U.S. federal court system had a dilemma related to defining local versus long distance service. To solve, the US was broken down into 231 separate bounded areas for local calling based on the density of the population in the area. These were called Local Access and Transport Areas, or LATAs |
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Term
What does the FTP protocol do? |
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Definition
A standard Internet protocol, and is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet. It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers. |
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Term
Do some LATAs include entire states? |
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Definition
Yes. For example Wyoming and New Mexico are LATAs. |
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Term
| Traditionally, what type of carriers were allowed to handle LATA to LATA traffic? |
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Definition
Traditionally, LATA to LATA traffic had to go through a long-distance carrier (IXC – Interexchange Carrier) |
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Term
How does the Central Office monitor “on-hook” and “off-hook” status? |
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Definition
The central office watches (loop) electrical currents to determine on hook and off hook status |
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Term
What type of tone is a trunk busy tone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DOCSIS is a standard interface for cable modems, which handle incoming and outgoing data signals between a cable TV operator and a personal or business computer or television set |
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Term
How does distributed routing work? |
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Definition
Each node maintains its own routing table with no central site holding a global routing table. Somehow each node has to share information with other nodes so that the individual routing tables can be created so routing tables are created dynamically. |
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Term
Will your distance from the Central Office affect your speeds? |
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Definition
Yes. The further you are from the Central Office, the lower your speeds will be |
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Term
Is all routed network traffic is connectionless? |
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Definition
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Term
Is this statement true or false: Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as well as improved access to high-speed Internet and a weak economy, have accelerated interest in cloud computing. |
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Definition
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Term
What is a channelized T-1 vs. unchannelized T-1? |
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Definition
Channelized T-1 is where is T-1 is utilized as 24 discrete DS-0 channels of 64 Kbps each. Each DS-0 can be allocated to carry any single service, such as CO trunk, DID trunk, WATS trunks, FX line, 56K data circuits
Unchannelized T-1 is where T-1 is utilized as a single 1.536 Mbps data circuit. Using this setup, the data circuit is also known as a “pipe” |
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Term
What is a femtocell and how does it operate? |
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Definition
A femtocell is a wireless access point that provides (or improves on) cellular reception inside a home or office building. The device, which resembles a wireless router, essentially acts as a VoIP repeater. When connected to Internet broadband, it broadcasts the connection using radio waves |
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Term
What technology is sometimes referred to as layer 2.5 protocol? |
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Definition
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) |
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Term
What is the difference between in-band and out of band signaling? |
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Definition
In band signaling: all signaling to manage the calls occurs within the same circuit that will be used for the call itself. Less efficient signaling technique.
Out of band signaling: the signaling required to manage calls (i.e. call setup, call teardown, etc.) occurs over a separate signaling path / line than the actual call. More efficient signaling technique. |
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Term
In the classic PTSN switch hierarchy what was the second term used to refer to the end office? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protocol is the foundation (underlies and supports) VoIP technology? |
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Definition
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability for customers to select their own long distance service providers, and the ability of any IXC (Long distance carrier) to serve these customers. |
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Term
What did the telecom act of 96 do? |
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Definition
Allowed long distances carriers (IXCs) to provide local phone service |
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Term
True or False: Is a Numbering Plan Area (NPA) the same as an area code? |
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Definition
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Term
How does remote call forwarding work? |
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Definition
Example: Business in Chicago can advertise local phone number in New York.
-Callers in New York dial a local New York phone number, they avoid long distance charges they otherwise would have paid to call to Chicago.
-Calls are automatically forwarded to the Chicago business when people call the New York phone number.
-The Chicago business pays for the long distance charges for calls forwarded from New York to Chicago
-May be cheaper than FX line.
-Used as a customer service tool |
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Term
Where are key (phone) systems most often used? |
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Definition
Small businesses use key systems most often |
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Term
| Name 4 PBX features that are not on key systems |
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Definition
1. Private Dialing Plans
2. Automatic Route Selection
3. Voicemail
4. Automatic Call Distribution
5. Voice Response Unit (VRU)
6. Class-of-Service
7. Authentication Codes |
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Term
Name two advantage and disadvantages with cable tv service |
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Definition
Advantages
-Coaxial cable offers much greater bandwidth than copper pairs
-Cable is already installed to ~70% of U.S. homes
Disadvantages
-Return signals are very noisy
-Not a great perception of reliability |
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Term
What are the 3 categories of cloud computing? |
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Definition
1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
3. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. The only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system's interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest. |
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