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Basic Chemistry
Terms
23
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/09/2008

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Term
Matter     
Definition
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Term
Element
Definition
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; one of the basic building blocks of which all matter is composed
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particle that retains the characteristic composition of an element
Term
Molecule
Definition
An uncharged, covalently bonded group of atoms
Term
Compound
Definition
A chemical combination of elements that has a definate composition and its own set of properties
Term
Ion
Definition
A charged atom or group of atoms
Term
Cation
Definition
A positively charged ion
Term
Anion
Definition
A negatively charged ion
Term
Isotope
Definition
Two or more forms of an element whose atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Term
Period
Definition
One of the seven horizontal rows of the periodic table
Term
Group
Definition
In a periodic table, a column that includes elements with similar chemical properties; a family
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A bond resulting from electron sharing
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
The attractive force between two oppositely charged ions
Term
Polar Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which there is uneven sharing of electrons
Term
Mole
Definition
The chemical unit of quantity for any substance; equal to 6.02 x 10^23 individual atoms, molecules, or formula units of substance; abbreviated mol.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
An increase in oxidation number
Term
Reduction
Definition
The lowering of oxidation number
Term
Solution
Definition
A homogenous mixture
Term
Solute
Definition
The compound of a solution that is dissolved in another compound (the solvent)
Term
Solvent
Definition
The compound of a solution that does the dissolving
Term
Acid
Definition
A compound that provides H+ ions to water solution
Term
Base
Definition
A compound that provides OH- ions to water solution
Term
Salt
Definition
An ionic compound that does not contain H+, OH-, or O^2- ions
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