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basic chemistry
atoms
47
Biology
10th Grade
02/03/2009

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Term
atom
Definition
the building block of matter
Term
element
Definition
substances made entirely of the same atom
Term
electron
Definition
negative charged sup-atomic particle
Term
nuetron
Definition
nuetral charged sub-atomic particle
Term
proton
Definition
positive charged sub atomic particle
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
Term
mass number
Definition
total number of protons and nuetrons in the nucleus of the atom
Term
molecule
Definition
the combination of two or more atoms/electrons
Term
compound
Definition
two or more elements combined in deffinite proportions
Term
mixture
Definition
the combination of substances that are physically mixed, but dont form a chemical bond
Term
homogeneus mixture
Definition
particles that are evenly spread
Term
meterogeneus mixture
Definition
particles that dont spread out evenly
Term
solution
Definition
any homogeneus mixture, usually a liquid
Term
solvent
Definition
liquid substance that makes up the bulk of the solution
Term
solutes
Definition
substances dissolved in the solvent. can be solids, liquids, or gases
Term
suspension
Definition
a mixture that seperates when left still
Term
colloidal dispersim
Definition
occurs when the particles are to small to be seen and are to small to settle on the bottom
Term
atomic nucleus
Definition
center of the atom that contains protons and nuetrons
Term

electron cloud

Definition
where electrons are found and surround the atomic nucleus
Term
dalton
Definition
units that atoms are wieghted in
Term
organic
Definition
contain the element carbon
Term
inorganic
Definition
all compounds that dont contain the element carbon
Term
cohesion
Definition
the binding of water molecules via hydrogen binds
Term
adhesion
Definition
ability of water to bind to other molecules
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
biological molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Term
lipids
Definition
fats, oils, and waxes; secondary sorce of energy
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
RNA and DNA; contain phosphorous and nitrogen
Term
proteins
Definition
contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
amino acids
Definition
the structural units of proteins
Term
peptide bond
Definition
bond between two amino acids
Term
enzymes
Definition
protein substances that are required for pretty much all chemical reactions in living and non living things
Term
catalyst
Definition
a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Term
substrate
Definition
the reactant on which an enzyme works
Term
active site
Definition
spots where spacific molecules bind
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
single molecule of sugar
Term
disaccharide
Definition
two monosaccharide sugar molecules that have joined chemically to form a larger carbohydrate
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
formed when many single sugars join chemically
Term
glycosidic linkage
Definition
type of bond between monosaccharide units
Term
condensation reaction
Definition
take water out to put sugars together
Term
hydrolysis reaction
Definition
take sugars out to bring water in
Term
glucose
Definition
monosacchairde, used in photosynthesis in plants
Term
cellulose
Definition
makes up cell walls in plants. cannot be used as energy for humans.
Term
glycogen
Definition
energy stores in animal cells
Term
starch
Definition
energy stores in plant cells
Term
monomer
Definition
a single unit of anything, they are joined together via condensation reactions to form a polymer
Term
monomer
Definition
a single unit of anything, they are joined together via condensation reactions to form a polymer
Term
polymer
Definition
repeating units of monomer
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