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Bartending Chapter 1
Common terminology and types of alcohol
113
Bartending
Professional
05/05/2013

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Term
Age
Definition
Often used as a measure of quality.
Term
Ale
Definition
Typically stronger and more bitter than beer. Brewed from malt & hops. Color varies from light to dark amber.
Term
Aperitif
Definition
French term referring to a light alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate your appetite & enjoyment of food and wine that follow.
Term
Aromatized Wine
Definition
Includes French & Italian types of vermouth & the quinined or other aperitif wines of various countries.
Term
Beer
Definition
Beverage brewed from malted barley & other grains cultured with yeast and flavored with hops. Different varieties include: ale, porter, malt liquor, bock, pilsner and lager.
Term
Bitters
Definition
A very concentrated flavoring agent made from spices, roots, barks, herbs and berries. Usually used to provide a smoothness to some whiskey.
Term
Black & Tan
Definition
A mixture of equal parts of light & dark beer or ale.
Term
Blended Whiskey
Definition
Straight whiskey combined with neutral grain spirits.
Term
Bock
Definition
German beer that is full-bodied, slightly sweet and usually dark. Heavier, darker, richer and sweeter than lager or ale.
Term
Bottled-in-Bond Whiskey
Definition
Straight whiskey, usually bourbon or rye, produced under government control and supervision. Must be at least 4 years old, bottled at 100 proof and produced in one distilling by the same distiller.
Term
Bouquet
Definition
A wine’s fragrance or aroma.
Term
Bourbon
Definition
American whiskey made using at least 51% corn grain mash combined with wheat, oats, rye and barley.
Term
Box
Definition
To pour into and out of a shaker, usually only once to give a drink a quick mix without shaking.
Term
Brandy
Definition
A liquor meaning “burnt wine”, distilled from wine and other fermented fruit juice and aged in oak casks and bottled.
Term
Build
Definition
Build the drink in a glass starting with the ice and add the ingredients.
Term
Canadian Whiskey
Definition
A blended whiskey, distilled from rye, corn and barley. Only produced under Canadian government control. If sold in the United States, it is at least 4 years old.
Term
Call Drink
Definition
A drink made of liquor of defined brand and a mixer.
Term
Chaser
Definition
A drink of a milder beverage taken after a drink of liquor.
Term
Cobbler
Definition
tall drink of any liquor served in a collins glass with shaved or crushed ice and garnished with fruit and mint sprigs.
Term
Cocktail
Definition
A beverage that combines an alcohol with a mixer and usually served chilled.
Term
Cognac
Definition
Brandy made only from grapes in the Cognac region of France.
Term
Collins
Definition
Any basic liquor combined with lemon or lime juice and served on the rocks in a tall, frosted highball glass. Served with sugar and water, along with a lemon slice or cherry garnish.
Term
Cooler
Definition
A tall drink made with different types of liquor, flavoring, cracked ice, carbonated beverages & citrus fruit rinds.
Term
Cordial
Definition
A liqueur made by mixing neutral spirits. Fruits, flowers, herbs, seeds, roots, plants or juices, along with sweetener are added.
Term
Corn Whiskey
Definition
Whiskey made from a mash of at least 80% corn
Term
Creme
Definition
A creamy cordial with a very high sugar content. Come in various flavors including cacao & vanilla bean, black currant, mint and violet.
Term
Crusta
Definition
: A sour drink served in a glass that’s completely lined with an orange or lemon peel cut in a continuous strip.
Term
Cup
Definition
A punch made up in quantities of cups or glasses
Term
Daisy
Definition
An over-sized sour drink, normally made with rum or gin served over crushed ice and sweetened with fruit syrup.
Term
Dessert Wines
Definition
wines to which alcohol has been added during fermentation.
Term
Distillation
Definition
The process of separating the components in a liquid by heating it to the point of vaporization, then cooling it so it condenses in a purified form, increasing the alcohol content.
Term
Draft Beer
Definition
Served from a tap.
Term
Dry
Definition
A term used to describe the lack of sweetness in wine, liquor or a cocktail.
Term
Egg Nog
Definition
A traditional holiday drink containing eggs beaten with cream or milk, sugar and brandy, rum or bourbon.
Term
Falernum
Definition
A syrup from the Caribbean made of mixed fruits, sugar cane & spices. Used as a sweetener in mixed drinks.
Term
Fix
Definition
A sour drink similar to the daisy, but made with a large amount of crushed ice in a large goblet
Term
Fizz
Definition
An effervescent drink made from liquor (typically gin), citrus juices & sugar and shaken with ice and strained into a small highball glass. Soda water, any carbonated beverage or champagne can be used for the “fizz.”
Term
Fortified Wine
Definition
Includes sherry, port, Madeira & Marsala, etc.
Term
Frappe
Definition
An often fruity drink that combines several liqueurs and poured over shaved or crushed ice, or partially frozen.
Term
Gin
Definition
A spirit distilled from grain. Usually colorless, but some have a golden or straw color because of aging in barrels. Juniper and other botanicals give it its flavor.
Term
Grain Neutral Spirits
Definition
Alcohol distilled from grain at 190 proof. Used for making gin & vodka. It is colorless and nearly tasteless.
Term
Grenadine
Definition
A nonalcoholic syrup flavoring for drinks, made from pomegranate or red currants.
Term
Grog
Definition
A rum-based beverage which also includes water, fruit juice & sugar, commonly served in a large mug.
Term
Hard Cider
Definition
Juice of apples that is expressed and fermented.
Term
Highballs
Definition
Any liquor served in a medium to tall glass with ice, soda, water, ginger ale or other carbonated beverages.
Term
Irish Whiskey
Definition
A blend that contains barley-malt whiskeys and grain whiskeys, dried in coal-fired kilns. Heavier than Scotch, and only produced in Ireland.
Term
Jigger
Definition
A small drinking glass-shaped container used to measure liquor. Also called a shot.
Term
Juleps
Definition
Made with Kentucky bourbon, sugar and fresh mint leaves and served with shaved ice in a frosty glass with a mint or fruit garnish.
Term
Lace
Definition
To pour onto the top of a drink, normally the last ingredient added.
Term
Lager
Definition
A light, bubbly and golden brew of beer that’s stored in a cask or vat until free of sediment and crystal clear.
Term
Lowball
Definition
A short drink made of spirits served with ice, water or soda in a small glass.
Term
Madeira
Definition
A fortified aperitif.
Term
Malt Liquor
Definition
A beer that has a higher alcohol content than regular beer.
Term
Maraschino Cherries
Definition
Specially treated cherries, pitted and then macerated in flavored sugar. Very popular as a garnish.
Term
Marasala
Definition
Fortified dessert wine.
Term
Mash
Definition
Grain or malt that’s ground or crushed before being steeped. Used in brewing beer and in the fermentation of whiskey.
Term
Mead
Definition
Beverage made by fermenting honey, water and yeast with flavorings such as herbs, spices or flowers.
Term
Mist
Definition
A liquor (usually an after-dinner liqueur) served over a glass of crushed ice.
Term
Muddle
Definition
To mash or crush ingredients with a spoon or muddler ( a rod with a flattened end).
Term
Neat
Definition
A term referring to a drink served without ice, water or mixers. The opposite of “on the rocks.”
Term
Negus
Definition
heated, punch-like combination of wine, spices & sweeteners.
Term
Nightcap
Definition
An alcoholic drink taken before bedtime.
Term
Nip
Definition
A very small bottle.
Term
On the Rocks
Definition
Serve the drink over ice.
Term
Orgeat
Definition
A nonalcoholic flavoring syrup prepared with almonds.
Term
Pick-Me-Up
Definition
A drink designed to relieve the effects of a hangover.
Term
Port
Definition
Full-bodied wine fortified with brandy and fermented.
Term
Porter
Definition
A heavy, dark-brown, strongly flavored beer. The dark color and strong flavor come from roasted malt. Typically higher in alcohol content than other beers.
Term
Posset
Definition
An old British drink from which eggnog was derived, consisting of heated ale or wine curdled with milk, eggs & spices.
Term
Pousse-Cafe
Definition
A drink made from several liqueurs and cordials, each having a different weight & color so that when one is poured on top of another they layer and “float.”
Term
Proof
Definition
The measure of the strength of alcohol. One proof equals one half (1/2) of 1% total alcohol.
Term
Puff
Definition
A traditional afternoon drink made of equal parts spirit and milk, topped with club soda and served on the rocks.
Term
Punch
Definition
A mixture of citrus juice with 2 or more liquors or wines, served chilled in a large punch bowl.
Term
Quinine
Definition
Old term for tonic water. Quinine was used for medicinal purposes in the 1800’s, hence the term Doctor’s tonic. So next time you order a vodka tonic, you can tell your doctor it was in the best interest of your health!
Term
Rickey
Definition
A drink made with whiskey, gin, rum or brandy combined with lime or lemon juice, cracked ice, soda or any carbonated beverage. Sometimes sweetened and garnished with a lemon or lime rind.
Term
Rum
Definition
A spirit made by distilling the fermented juice of sugar cane, cane syrup and molasses. It is bottled and sold at 80 proof. Caramel is added to create dark rums.
Term
Rye Whiskey
Definition
Distilled from a grain mash of 80% corn & usually aged in reused, charred oak barrels.
Term
Sangaree
Definition
: A tall, sweet, old-fashioned sans bitters made with whiskey, gin, run or brandy, with port wine floated on top, or with wine, ale, porter or stout & garnished with a sprinkle of nutmeg.
Term
Schnapps
Definition
A generic term used in Europe to describe distilled liquors.
Term
Shandy
Definition
A beer cocktail originating in Great Britain, combining beer & ginger ale.
Term
Sherry
Definition
A wine fortified with brandy, added after fermentation.
Term
Shooter
Definition
A straight shot of whiskey or other spirit taken neat and swallowed in one drink.
Term
Shot
Definition
A small amount of alcohol, typically 1 oz.
Term
Shrub
Definition
A combination of spirits, fruit juices and sugar aged in a sealed container such as in a cask or crock & then bottled.
Term
Simple Syrup
Definition
Granulated sugar and hot water combined by heating. Used a sweetener for drinks.
Term
Sling
Definition
A beverage made like a Sangaree, with the addition of lemon juice and twist of lemon peel, served in an old fashioned glass.
Term
Smash
Definition
A short julep made of liquor, sugar and mint, served in a small glass.
Term
Snifter
Definition
A short-stemmed, pear-shaped glass used for serving aromatic spirits such as brandy.
Term
Sour
Definition
A short drink made by combining liquor with lemon or lime juice and a little sugar or sour mix.
Term
Soda Water
Definition
Also known as carbonated water.
Term
Spirits
Definition
Alcoholic liquids distilled from fermented grapes, fruits, grains, potatoes or sugar cane.
Term
Splash
Definition
A quick press of the soda gun provides a splash of the required beverage.
Term
Stout
Definition
A strong, dark beer made with dark roasted barley, which gives it a deep, dark color.
Term
Straight Up
Definition
Another term used to describe cocktails served without ice.
Term
Supercall
Definition
Also known as top-shelf or super-premium. Often higher proof alcohols, or super aged or flavored versions.
Term
Straight Whiskey
Definition
Whiskey that is distilled from grain but not blended with neutral grain spirits or any other whiskey, aged in a charred oak barrel for at least 2 years.
Term
Sour Mash Whiskey
Definition
A broad category of whiskey in which a portion of old mash is mixed with new to help advance the character and smoothness of the flavor.
Term
Swizzle
Definition
A tall, traditional rum-based cocktail filled with cracked ice.
Term
Syllabub
Definition
A beverage made from a mixture of sweetened milk or cream, wine & spices.
Term
Tall
Definition
Double the mix in a tall glass but no extra alcohol.
Term
Tequila
Definition
Mexican spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the blue agave plant.
Term
Toddy
Definition
A drink, served hot or cold, in which a lump or teaspoon of sugar is dissolved in a little hot water, combined with liquor, and stirred. Served with nutmeg, clove, cinnamon or lemon peel in a tall glass.
Term
Tot
Definition
A small amount of liquor.
Term
Triple Sec
Definition
A cordial similar to Curacao, but colorless and not as sweet.
Term
Up Drink
Definition
A drink served in a stemmed glass.
Term
Variety
Definition
A term used to classify a type of grape used in the production of wine. A varietal wine uses only one grape variety.
Term
Vermouth
Definition
Herb-flavored wine fortified with brandy and used in Martinis.
Term
Virgin
Definition
A drink with no alcohol.
Term
Vodka
Definition
A refined & filtered liquor originally made in Russia from potatoes. Often distilled from corn & wheat in the U.S.
Term
Water Back or Back
Definition
A small glass of water served at a 45 degree angle behind the customer’s drink.
Term
Well Drink
Definition
A non-brand name bar drink. Often placed in the speed rail of a bar for easy access.
Term
Whiskey
Definition
Spirit distilled from a fermented mash of grains such as corn, rye, barley or wheat, aged in oak barrels. After distillation, it is a water-colored liquid and gradually changes to an amber color during the aging period.
Term
Wine
Definition
A drink made from the fermented juice of grapes. If another fruit is used, it will appear on the label of the bottle.
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