Term
| When and where did the first cities arise? |
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Definition
| 1000's of years ago in regions where agriculture gained and early foothold |
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Term
| In the beginning of the Colonial Period, large, prosperous cities existed everywhere except where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What two places grew remarkably during the Classical Period? |
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Definition
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Term
| What time period interrupted the blossoming life in Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dominated most of Europe during the Middle Ages and discouraged urbanism and confined most people to live as uneducated peasant-farmers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What time did the Renaissance Period happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the time period where European culture was reborn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urban growth accelerated dramatically after what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Hundred Years War end? |
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Definition
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Term
| What European cities existed during the Hundred Years War? |
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Definition
| Dublin, Madrid, Prague, Vienna, Amsterdam, Barcelona |
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Term
| When did the Colonial Period last? |
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Definition
| from Renaissance through 19th century |
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Term
| During the Colonial Period, European colonial powers sent explorers in search of what two things? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where were some of the world's greatest cities located at the beginning of the Colonial Period? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who stumbled into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (largest and richest city on Earth at the time)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What current-day city sprawls outward from the ancient site of Tenochtitlan? |
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Definition
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Term
| When id urbanism really explode on a global scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? |
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Definition
| 18th century, England (spread to W. Europe and N. America) |
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Term
| What city became a central hub for railroads carrying wheat, beef, timber, and other commodities? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chicago grew from a small village in ____ (year) to a city of _________ (number) in ____ (year)? |
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Definition
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Term
| By 1930 Chicago had how many inhabitants and became one of the world's fastest-growing industrial centers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What year were the Chicago race riots? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two cities grew tremendously in the 19th century? |
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Definition
| New York and San Francisco |
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Term
| What city has frequently been called "the gateway to the West"? |
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Definition
| San Francisco (like St. Louis) |
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Term
| San Francisco experienced a population explosion after gold was discovered where? when? |
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Definition
| California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, 1849 |
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Term
| Millions of European immigrants entered the United States through ellis Island between when? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The urban geography of today's cities is incredibly diverse? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a regional or even continental scale, cities are what? |
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Definition
| Products of similar cultures and related histories, and this provides a basis for insightful comparisons |
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Term
| Many of Europe's great cities matured when? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two excellent examples of intact medieval cities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Islamic cities owe their distinctive urban geographies to the teachings of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Light-colored house surfaces and roofs designed to capture and recycle rainwater efficiently are two changes to what type of cities? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what country do cities frequently contain cultural monuments related to Buddhism and communism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cities owe most of their urban form to colonialism, 20th century industrial expansion, and rapid unplanned population growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Latin American Cities are less developed than their African counterparts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an excellent example of the Latin American metropolis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did European city planners struggle to respond to the lessons of the French and American Revolutions within the context of their new industrial societies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic example of City Beautiful Design? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did modern architecture reign supreme? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the world's greatest expression of modernist planning and architecture? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is postmodern architecture quickly becoming familiar? |
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Definition
| America, Europe, Australia |
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Term
| T/F: No true cities on the globe look the same or feel the same or smell the same? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the fundamental aims of urban geography? |
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Definition
| To understand how cities are organized |
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Term
| What are the three main models of urban environments? |
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Definition
| Concentric Zone Model, Multiple Nuclei Model, Sector Model |
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Term
| In what model does each ring contain different types of development and economic activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an excellent example of the Concentric Zone Model? |
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Definition
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Term
| What model applies to a city that lacks a strong central core, but instead has numerous "nodes" or business and cultural activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an excellent example of the Multiple Nuclei Model? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of the Sector Model? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Every city matches any model perfectly and that each city's urban organization is tied to both its unique history and physical geography? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do inner cities frequently surround? |
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Definition
| Central Business District |
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Term
| During much of the 20th century, the trend in the U.S. and Europe was toward what of inner cities? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the U.S., inner city decay was particularly extreme where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important factor affecting the development of contemporary cities? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was Manhattan Island, the heart of NYC, largely developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Chicago's CBD known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Los Angeles planned around? |
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Definition
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Term
| In some places, urban sprawl has taken the form of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic example of the edge city? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one example of a city that has used smart growth policies, efficient transportation networks, and a consolidated regional government to create a livable and sustainable urban environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Cities have profound influences on the communities surrounding them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the U.S. Census Bureau define cities in large part by? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The city is solely contained within its spatially defined city limits? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to what, do large cities serve as the economic hubs of their regions because they provide a great variety of goods and services that are not available in smaller communities? |
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Definition
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Term
| ********Central Place Theory******** |
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Definition
| A region is defined as an area with one central place, or large city, surrounded by increasingly smaller towns and hamlets, each of which contain fewer goods and services than the central place. Thus, people in small towns must occasionally travel to the central place to take advantage of big-city amenities. |
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Term
| T/F: Geographers have noticed that, in any given region, there should be many small hamlets, some towns, and a few small cities; but only one central city? |
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Definition
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Term
| *********Rank-Size Rule************ |
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Definition
| The population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country's or world's hierarchy of cities. (Population=k/rank) |
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Term
| T/F: All cities follow the rank-size rule? |
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Definition
| False-many have 1 primate city that overwhelmingly dominates the urban concentration within a country. |
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Term
| What city contains over 1/3 of the country's urban population and over 1/4 of the entire country's population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What city contains over 1/3 of the country's urban population and over 1/4 of the entire country's population? |
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Definition
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Term
| ***********NOTE************* |
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Definition
| Primate cities in the developing world are largely a relic of their colonial history when European colonizers concentrated all economic, transportation, and trade activity in one place, leaving the infrastructure in place after decolonization. |
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Term
| What are the megaloplises in North America? |
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Definition
| Boston-New York-Philadelphia-Baltimore-Washington D.C. and the other one is Los Angeles-Orange County-San Diego-Tijuana |
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Term
| What are two megalopolises in the world outside the U.S.? |
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Definition
| Sao Paulo-Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil and Tokyo-Osaka in Japan |
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Term
| What is the counterpoint to the chaotic megacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: World cities are commonly categorized into several tiers indicating the extent of their influence? |
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Definition
| True- NOTE: in economic terms, the world's most populous cities are not its most powerful. |
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Term
| Who considers individuals' perceptions and feelings within urban environments, both specifically and generally, to ensure that the cities they were for provide a comfortable and enjoyable living environment for their citizens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of people work together to understand and predict human behavior in urban environments? |
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Definition
| Urban planners and Behavioral geographers |
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Term
| What is urban spatial behavior determined by? |
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Definition
| Individual perceptions of the specific urban environments they interact with |
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Term
| What is Kevin Lynch's famous book, published in 1960, that studied individual's perceptions of urban environments to determine the legibility of urban spaces? |
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Definition
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Term
| How well an individual could read a landscape depends on what two things? |
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Definition
| City's physical structure and individual's orientation |
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Term
| Lynch classified the geographical contents of cities into how many main elements? What are they? |
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Definition
| 5-paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks |
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Term
| *******STUDY THE 5 MAIN ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONTENTS********* |
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Definition
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Term
| How many rules apply to people's daily spatial behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| *******STUDY THE 6 RULES APPLYING TO PEOPLE'S DAILY SPATIAL BEHAVIOR********* |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of places house the majority of the world's population? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who investigates all the many forces at work within a city contributing to its unique character, unique set of opportunities, and unique problems and social ills? |
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Definition
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