Term
| Describe the formation and tx of hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| communicating (4th ventricle foramine, arachnoid granulations, or subaracnoid space obstruction -- not reabsorped) or non-communicating (in which there is an obstruction and only CSF accumulation upstream of that blockage); tx: shunt to drain CSF into peritoneal cavity |
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Term
| Easy qu: name the ventricles |
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Definition
| two lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle |
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Term
| Superiorly what forms the 3rd ventricle walls? inferiorly? |
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Definition
thalamus-sup
hypothalamus-inf |
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Term
| What does the interventricular foramen connect? |
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Definition
| lateral to third vnetricles. |
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Term
| What type of cell lines the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up a typical CNS BBB capillary? |
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Definition
| endothelium with tight jxs + astrocytes |
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Term
| How much CSF is turned over and how oftern/day |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the indications for a subarachnoid hemorrhage? |
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Definition
| Think anatomically->blood will be in the sulci |
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Term
| Name and explain the 3 types of intracranial hemoorhages |
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Definition
epidural hematoma - form middle menigeal a w/ a lens shape
subdural hematoma-bridging vv with low pressure-does not cross falx or fill sulci-will be thin and longitudinal
subarcachnoid hemotthage- cerebral aa-does not cross falx, but follows sulci |
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Term
| Name the cisterns and where they are |
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Definition
superior(quadrigeminal) cistern
cerebellomedullary cistern(cistern magna)
interpeduncular cistern
ambient cistern
pontine cistern-gets lateral luschke CSF-pons and medulla |
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Term
| What nerve passes through the interpeduncular cistern |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the noncommunicating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| eg. cerebral ventricle gets clogged->b/c of pridcution upstream leads to increase pressure upstream-> lateral and 3rd ventricles |
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Term
| what makes up the floor of the temporal horn? |
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Definition
| the floor of the temporal horn is the hippocampal formation |
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Term
| what is the roof of the lateral ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the mass that traverse the third ventricle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the floor of the fourth ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes up the roof of the fourth ventricle? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior vela, connection of the cerebellum to the brainstem |
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Term
| what membrane covers choroid plexus capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| is there choroid plexus in the anterior horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the choroid of the fourth ventricle associated with the inferior or superior medullary velum |
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Definition
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Term
| what two anatomical features characterize the blood brain barrier? |
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Definition
| tight junctions between endothelial cells and astrocyte feet |
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Term
| what tissue below the posterior commissure has fenestrated capillaries but is not choroid? |
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Definition
| the subcommissural organ (SCO), below the posterior commissure, has fenestrated capillaries and also secretes into the CSF |
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Term
| what three circumventricular organs monitor Blood constituents? |
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Definition
subfornical organ
area postrema of the 4th ventricle
organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (embedded in LT) |
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Term
| what organs in the brain are fenestrated to allow neurosecretory products into the blood stream? |
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Definition
median eminence (floor of hypothalamus)
pituitary gland
pineal gland
subcommisural organ |
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Term
| when two meningeal dura layers join what do they form? |
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Definition
| falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, & tentorium cerebelli) |
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Term
| what kind of hemorrhage occurs when the integrity of the middle meningeal artery is disrupted? |
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Definition
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Term
| head trauma often shears cerebral bridging veins, what kind of hemorrhage does this lead to? |
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Definition
| subdural hemorrhage, can not cross the falx cerebri |
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Term
| rupture of arterial aneurysms often cause what kind of hemorrage? where does this blood go? what is a complication of this type of hemorrhage? |
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Definition
subarachnoid
into the falx
CSF flow blockage |
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Term
| what can we observe through a special sense organ that can give us an idea of whether or not we have high CSF pressure? |
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Definition
| the optic nerve is covered in meninges and a bulging optic disc can be seen when CSF pressure is too high |
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Term
| where is the subarachnoid space narrowest? |
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Definition
| above the cerebral cortices |
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Term
| where is the subarachnoid space the largest? |
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Definition
| the largest subarachnoid spaces are found in the regions of the base of the brain, around the brainstem, and inferior to the spinal cord; these large spaces are called cisterns |
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Term
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Definition
space where CSF flows around the lateral midbrain; interconnects the superior and interpeduncular cisterns
- the trochlear nerve (CN IV) passes through this in its course from dorsal to ventral |
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Term
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Definition
| where CSF flows in the subarachnoid space in the lateral sulcus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| quadrigeminal (superior) cistern |
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Definition
dorsal to the midbrain
- pineal gland projects into this one
- crossed by the large great cerebral vein (of Galen) |
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Term
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Definition
| pontomedullary junction; fed by foramen of Luschka |
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Term
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Definition
between the cerebral peduncles; where the arachnoid crosses between the temporal lobes
- continuous anteriorly with chiasmatic cistern, posteriorly with pontine cistern |
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Term
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Definition
cerebellomedullary cistern; - between cerebellum and inferior medullary velum (roof of inferior half of 4th ventricle)
- receives CSF directly via the median aperture of Magendie
* CSF via the foramina of Luschka enters at the cerebellopontine angles
- continuous inferiorly through the foramen magnum with the spinal subarachnoid space |
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