Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Old Stone Age;
People were hunter and gathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New Stone Age;
People learned to domesticate animals and to farm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Early man, primarily a hunter-gatherer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
People who
travel from place to place to live,
do not farm on land for long periods of time
Example: Bantus of Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who do not farm, but subsist on animals or plants they hunt or gather |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process where mankind learned to farm, created permanent settlements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man learns to tame animals to do work or to provide food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mankind develops permanent settlements, language, complex religions, organized governments. Early civilizations emerged-Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, and Yellow River Valley. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wedge shaped writing of Sumeria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First metal age;
improvement of tools and weapons over Stone Age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multi-tiered temples of Sumeria in Mesopotamia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First civilization on planet,
Based in Mesopotamia,
Polytheistic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Land between the rivers,
Tigris and Euphrates,
Today in central Iraq. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fertile land that stretches from Mesopotamia across eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Nile River Valley,
Western civilizations emerged in this area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man-made system to water crops and control flooding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A city that acted as its own independent country;
Emerged in Mesopotamia and was the primary political unit of Ancient Greece. |
|
|
Term
| Cultural Diffusion (Diffusion) |
|
Definition
| When two groups of people meet and interact, they share ideas and some new cultural idea will begin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Belief in one god;
Examples of Monotheism are:
Judiasm (Jewish people);
Christianity;
Islam (Muslim people). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Belief in more than one god.
Examples include:
Hinduism (india)
Ancient Greeks (Greek Mythology)
Ancient Romans
Ancient Egyptians
Mayans
Aztecs
Incas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A land or kingdom where a people conquered other peole and forced them to submit to their rule. Early empores included:
Egypt
Persia
Rome
Carthage.
Required advanced political, economic, and social institutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Babylonian King who created the first law code.
It was very "eye for an eye" justice and recognized differences in the classes of people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Empire that existed along the banks of the Nile River;
It was an advanced civilization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form of government based on religious laws.
King is usually a religious figure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Land existed in a desert and the routine predictable flooding of the Nile river fertilized the soil.
Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh controlled the flooding of the river. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egyptian pictographic writing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tombs created by the Eqyptians to their pharaohs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ancient people of Mesopotamia first to learn to make iron weapons and tools. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ancient people of the Fertile Crescent who created the first alphabet (22 Characters).
Known as the carriers of civilization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jewish prophet who led the Jewish slaves out of Egyptian slavery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Holy city to all three monotheistic religions...
Judiasm (Jewish People);
Christianity;
Islam (Muslim People);
Capital city of the Kingdom of Israel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conquered people had to pay tribute to their conquerors;
Persian kings required people to pay to avoid further destruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A listing of essential principles of Judaism which was later adopted by the Christians.
The Ten Commandments outlined the main rules of behavior for people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An empire of people in Mesopotamia known for their creation of the first professional army.
They ruled the territory they conquered brutally and harshly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An empire based in what is today Iran.
They created an empire by conquering neighboring lands but allowed local rulers to stay in place as long as they paid tribute and accepted Persian rule.
They tied their provinces together through trade networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Great Persian King who created the empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cyrus' son who continued Persian rule and extended the empire.
Darius hated the Greeks and wanted to conquer them.
Invasion of Greece began the Persian Wars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persian colonial governor who answered directly to the emperor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persian roadway system that tied it's land together through a network of roads maintained by tax money and tolls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. monotheism (belief in one God);
2. 10 Commandments;
3. Jews are the chosen people and are promised the land of Palestine as long as they worshipped God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persian philosopher who believed that life was a constant struggle between the forces of good versus evil.
He influenced the ideas of Judiasm, Christianity, and Islam by creating the idea of a heaven (good) and a hell (evil) in an afterlife. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mythological war between the Greeks and Trojans over a woman named Helen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blind Greek epic poet who told the story of the Trojan War...called the Ilian.
He also told the sotry of the return of one of the Greek kings from the war....Odyssey.
Both epic poems revealed what the Greeks felt were the most important characteristics to their culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Long tale told in verse.
Examples....
The Ilian
The Odyssey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek and other ancient peoples stories that reveal important tales regarding their culture.
Usually describes the beginning and ending of the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numerous islands and mountains created individual city- states instead of their being one capital and an empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greeks called them polis.
Each city was it's own unique country with a different government.
They all shared simialr cultural ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of government which is controlled by either a king or queen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of government which is controlled by powerful noble families. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of government which is controlled by a small committee of powerful individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek military formation of foot soldiers.
Each soldier was armed with sword, shield, and spear.
The spears overlapped each other for protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek city-state known for it's;
cultural achievement...
The Brainy brother.
(smart) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek city-state known for it's military prowess....
The Brawny brother.
(strong) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of government which is controlled by the people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conflict fought between the Persians and Greeks over control of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trade network controlled by the Greek city-state of Athens became an Athenian Empire and created enormous wealth for the Athenians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Athenian ruler who expanded the idea of democracy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conflict between Athens and Sparta after the Persian War which destroyed Greek civilization and opened the door to envasion by the Macedonians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King of Macedonia who conquered the Greek mainland after the destruction caused by the Peloponnesian War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Son of Philip who created the largest empire of the ancient world after he took over from his father.
His empire stretched from Greece and Egypt in the west across the middle east to include Persia and India.
His rule created a new culture called Hellenistic Culture which combined elements of Greece, Egypt, Persia and India. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persian king whose land was conquered by Alexander. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most amazing and advanced city of Alexander's empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New culture created as a result of Alexander's empire combined elements of Greek, Egyptian, Perian, and Indian culture.
It spread throughout the ancient world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form of government in which people elect representatives.
Main form of government of ancient Romans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aristocratic people of ancient Rome.
They held the majority of the power and were the main landowners. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poor non-aristrocratic peole of ancient Rome.
They were small farmers, craftspeople, and laborers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Senate member of the Roman Senate who was supposed to represent the rights of the Plebeians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Main body of Roman government and law-making body.
Made up of Patrician families. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Roman general who had the power to rule for short periods of time in cases of emergency.
He could by-pass the Roman Senate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unit of Roman military and army.
Very powerful...made up of small landowners. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carthaginian general who hated Rome and wanted to destroy it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman General who fought to protect and save Rome from Hannibal and the Cathaginian Army. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
People who used to rule the Romans before they gained their independence.
Romans learned a hatred of monarches and learned their ability to work metal from them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three separate wars fought between Carthage and Rome over the control of the Mediterranean Sea.
Rome won each war and eventually destroyed Carthage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most powerful empire in the ancient world.
Began as a small indepedent city-state and eventually created an empire that made the Mediterranean Sea a Roman lake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rome's most powerful rival (enemy).
Carthage was defeated by Rome in the Punic Wars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rome's generals begin to fight against each other over control of Rome.
Rome never found a way to peacefully change power from one emperor to the next. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Roman general who becomes "Dictator for Life."
His actions angered the Roman Senate who had him assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nephew of Caesar whose rule began the Pax Romana or Roman Peace.
He was the first emperor of Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman Peace, a 200 year period of peace that represented Rome's Golden Age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Roman slaves who fought in the Coliseum.
It was a form of entertainment for the people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rome's welfare program where Rome's poor was offered free entertainment in the Coliseum and was given bread.
An attempt to keep Rome's poor happy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Jewish leader who believed he was the Messiah.
His death created a new religion which became known as Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disciple of Jesus who helped create the religion of Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jewish traveler whose writing helped spread the religion of Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spreading of Jewish individuals across the Mediterranean world after the Roman conquest of Israel following Jesus' crucifixion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the Roman Catholic Church, ruled Europe like a Roman Emperor after the fall of Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman Emperor who makes Constantinople the capital of the Roman Empire and makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New religion based on Judaism along with the idea that Jesus Christ was the Messiah-he was sent by God to die for the sins of mankind. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws created by Emperor Constantine that forbade religious persecution and legalized the practice of Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Roman Emperor who divided the Roman empire into two halves
1 - an eastern half with capital in Constantinople
2 - a western half with a capital of Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Capital of the eastern half of the Roman Empire.
It eventually became the Byzantine Empire.
It is the only majoy city to exist in both Europe and Asia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mongol horseman who attacked the Roman Empire.
Created fear throughout the empire, sacked the capital city. |
|
|
Term
| Barbarian Invasions of Rome |
|
Definition
Numerous Germanic tribes attacked the borders of the empire.
Roman legions could not keep their invasions out of the empire.
This led to Rome's collapse. |
|
|
Term
Rome's Fall
(The Fall of the Roman Empire) |
|
Definition
Rome was attacked by Barbarian groups;
Rome was attacked internally by civil war;
Corruption;
Noone cared about the state
Together the above are the causes of the fall of Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman invention to move water using gravity in large stone bridge-like stuctures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest desert in Northern Africa.
It isolated central Africa from the rest of the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Areas of Africa where there exists large grasslands.
The majority (most) of Africa's population of humans and animals live in the Savanna. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of fertile farmland becoming desert. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More than one generation of people living together.
Extended families are typical (common) throughtout Africa because many people rely on each other for their survival. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditional religious belief in Africa where they believe that spirits exist throughtout nature and so do their ancestors (dead relatives). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mother culture of Africa.
Based on the Bantu group called the Noks.
It is noted for it's animism and stone sculpture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest migration of people in human history.
Millions of Africans (Bantus) leave the areas of the north to areas of central and southern Africa to live, farm, and survive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Area of Central America between North and South America.
Where the Mayas, Aztecs, Toltecs, and Olmecs made their homer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mother culture of Mesoamerica.
Olmec are noted for their construction of large heads of stone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First city in the Americas.
It is noted as a religious center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mesoamerican culture nted for it's religious contributions to later people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
South American people who made enormous carvings in the earth that formed various shapes that can only be seen from the air.
The carvings are believed to be offerings to their gods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greatest Byzantine Emperor.
He created a law code called Justinian's Code.
Justinian's Code was made up of old Roman law and legal traditions.
It preserved Roman Legal Traditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Byzantine Law code made by Emperor Justinian.
It preserved Roman legal traditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Church of Holy Wisdom.
One of Justinian's greatest achievements....Christian church in Constantinople. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Head of the Eastern Orthodox church in Constantinople. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Religious figure used in Eastern Christian services to assist in the worship of God.
Hated by Roman Catholic Church officials, caused a split in the Christian Churches. |
|
|
Term
| Eastern Orthodox Religion |
|
Definition
| Christian Church based in Constantinople different from Roman Catholic church. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Removal of someone from the Roman Catholic Church.
Once removed, the person cannot receive sacraments and they cannot go to heaven.
Excommunication is the ultimate power of the Church. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slavic people (Balkan Peninsula).
Became early slaves.
They influenced Russia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Time period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
Known as a time period called the Dark Ages or the Age of Faith. |
|
|
Term
| Viking Influence of Russia |
|
Definition
Vikings found the trade cities of Kiev and Moscow.
They connected Russian trade networks of the north to the trade networks based around Constantinople. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early people of France.
Convert many people to Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Schools for monks.
Target for Viking invasions and attacks.
Known for production of Bibles through copying manuscripts by hand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Worldly or non-religious issues or thoughts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frankish kings beginning with Clovis and ending with Charlemagne's sons. Known for it's unification of much of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and for spreading Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Charles the Great.
Frankish king who was crowned by the Pope signifying the superiority of the church over Europe's kings.
Spread Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Christian monk who reformed the Church by creating a rule of order to follow.
Most monostaries adopted these rules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nobleman who grants a lesser nobleman a fief. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually land given to a lesser lord in exchange for military service and taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lesser lord.
Receives a fief from a higher lord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
European mounted warriors.
Knights followed the Code of Chivalry into battle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| European peasant tied to the land and to his lord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-Sufficient farming community during the Middle Ages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Church tax.
Usually 10% of a person's income. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scandinavian warrior group who was known for
- their versitile ship-making abilities
their ships could handle...
the ocean,
travel deep up river, and
they could be carried, if necessary.
Vikings often targeted monasteries for their wealth and because Monks didn't fight back (easy target).
Vikings connected the areas of Europe together through trade networks. |
|
|
