Term
| bacterial meningitis primarily effects what age group of people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism causes the most cases of bacterial meningitis in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism primarily causes meningitis in complement deficiency pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism primarily causes meningitis in immunocompromised and elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common clinical features of bacterial meningitis? (4) |
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Definition
1) headache
2) fever
3) nuchal rigidity
4) neurologic findings |
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Term
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Definition
| when hip is flexed at 90 degrees, extension of the knee meets resistance at 135 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| passive neck flexion causes knee and hip flexion |
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Term
| What is the most important diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
| cerebrospinal fluid exam for WBC, proteins, and glucose levels |
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Term
| When should you CT scan a patient before LP? (5) |
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Definition
1) brain stem herniation
2) dilated, fixed pupils
3) Cheyne-Stokes respirations
4) decrebrate posturing
5) hemiplegia and coma |
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Term
| What is the opening pressure for LPs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CSF protein, glucose, and WBC counts in the majority of patients? |
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Definition
CSF protein >40mg/dl
Glucose <40mg/dl
CSF WBC >100 mm |
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Term
| What is the most important therapeutic measure for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
| prompt initiation of IV antibiotics after LP |
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Term
| What are the most frequent neurological complications of meningitis? |
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Definition
| seizures and altered mentation |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of posttraumatic bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is very accurate in diagnosing fistulas found in bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common organisms found in bacterial abscesses? |
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Definition
| aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic streptococci |
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Term
| What do you use to treat bacterial abscesses? |
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Definition
| ceftriaxone and metronidazole can use dexamethasone for cerebral edema |
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Term
| What are the most common neurologic problems seen with bacterial abscesses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common bacteria involved with spinal epidural abscesses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common symptom of spinal epidural abscesses? |
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Definition
| back pain over affected area |
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Term
| neurosurgery is important with spinal epidural abscesses to what? |
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Definition
| remove pus and granulation tissue-decompression laminectomy |
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Term
| antibiotic tx for spinal epidural abscesse? |
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Definition
| coverage for gram-negative bacilli (gentamicin/3rd gen cephalosporin) and one active against S. aureus (nafcillin) |
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Term
| Subdural empyema are most commonly a complication of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat subdural empyemas? |
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Definition
| removal of pus through craniotomy, ceftriaxone and metronidazole |
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Term
| Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis usually results from what organism from what areas? |
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Definition
| S. aureus from paranasal or facial skin infections |
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Term
| lateral sinus thrombophlebitis is almost always a complication of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mental changes are seen in 80% of meningitis patients, especially the elderly |
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Definition
| confusion, stupor, and coma |
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